Index of Project Gutenberg Works on Black History / A 2019 Project Gutenberg Contribution for Black History Month
Date: 2019-02-27T00:00:00+00:00
Keywords: African Americans -- History; Indexes

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Index of Project Gutenberg Works on Black History

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Title: Index of Project Gutenberg Works on Black History

Author: Various

Editor: David Widger

Release date: February 27, 2019 [eBook #58975]
Most recently updated: February 25, 2021

Language: English

Credits: Produced by David Widger

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDEX OF PROJECT GUTENBERG WORKS ON BLACK HISTORY ***

INDEX OF PROJECT GUTENBERG

WORKS ON

BLACK
HISTORY

Compiled by David Widger

CONTENTS

Click on the ## before many of the titles to view a linked
table of contents for that volume.

Click on the title itself to open the original online file.

##

THE
JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY, Vol. 1. Jan. 1916

Various

##

THE
JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY, Vol. 2, 1917

Various

##

THE
JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY, Vol. 3, 1918

Various

##

THE
JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY, Vol. 4, 1919

Various

##

THE
JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY, Vol. 5, 1920

Various

##

OUR
WORLD, or THE SLAVEHOLDERS DAUGHTER

F. Colburn Adams

##

NARRATIVE
OF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS

Frederick Douglass

##

OTHER
ARTICLES BY FREDERICK DOUGLASS

Frederick Douglass

##

MY
BONDAGE AND MY FREEDOM

Frederick Douglass

JOHN
BROWN

Frederick Douglass

ABOLITION
FANATICISM IN NEW YORK

Frederick Douglass

##

THE
SOULS OF BLACK FOLK

W.E.B. Du Bois

##

DARKWATER,
VOICES FROM WITHIN THE VEIL

W.E.B. Du Bois

##

THE
QUEST OF THE SILVER FLEECE

W.E.B. Du Bois

##

THE
NEGRO

W.E.B. Du Bois

##

SUPPRESSION
OF THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE TO THE USA

W.E.B. Du Bois

THE
CONSERVATION OF RACES

W.E.B. Du Bois

##

UP
FROM SLAVERY AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

B.T. Washington

##

THE
NEGRO PROBLEM

B.T. Washington

##

A
NEGRO EXPLORER AT THE NORTH POLE

B.T. Washington

##

THE
FUTURE OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO

B.T. Washington

##

TUSKEGEE
& ITS PEOPLE

B.T. Washington

##

SHADOW
AND LIGHT

B.T. Washington

##

THE
NEGRO IN THE SOUTH

B.T. Washington

THE
STORY OF SLAVERY

B.T. Washington

##

THE
NEGRO IN THE SOUTH

B.T. Washington

##

FROM
SLAVE TO COLLEGE PRESIDENT

Pike

##

UNDERGROUND
RAILROAD FROM SLAVERY TO FREEDOM

Siebert

##

THE
UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

Still

## | CLOTELLE | Brown

##

ESCAPE
OF WM. WELLS BROWN FROM SLAVERY

Brown

##

NARRATIVE
OF WILLIAM W. BROWN, A FUGITIVE SLAVE

Brown

##

DRED,
A TALE OF THE GREAT DISMAL SWAMP

Stowe

##

UNCLE
TOM'S CABIN

Stowe

##

STEP
BY STEP

American Tract

##

THE
IRON FURNACE

Aughey

##

A
SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO

Brawley

##

CAPTAIN
CANOT, TWENTY YEARS A SLAVER

Canot

##

THE
WHITE SLAVES OF ENGLAND

Cobden

##

THE
BLACK EXPERIENCE IN AMERICA

Coombs

##

WHERE
THE TWAIN MEET

Gaunt

##

FATHER
HENSON'S STORY OF HIS LIFE

Henson

##

BLACK
REBELLION, FIVE REVOLTS

Higginson

##

THIRTY
YEARS A SLAVE

Hughes

##

INCIDENTS
IN THE LIFE OF A SLAVE GIRL

Jacobs

##

30
YEARS A SLAVE; 4 YEARS IN THE WHITE HOUSE

Keckley

##

THE
SLAVERY QUESTION

Lawrence

##

JOURNAL
OF A WEST INDIA PROPRIETOR

Lewis

##

THE
NEGRO AND THE NATION

Merriam

##

THE
SEA-WITCH

Murray

##

TWELVE
YEARS A SLAVE

Northup

##

THE
BROTHERS' WAR

Reed

##

THE
BOY SLAVES

Reid

##

TWENTY-TWO
YEARS A SLAVE

Steward

##

THE
STORY OF MATTIE J. JACKSON

Thompson

## | POEMS | Wheatley

LIFE
AND ADVENTURES OF HENRY BIBB

Bibb

THE
LIFE OF HARRIET TUBMAN

Bradford

TABLES OF CONTENTS OF VOLUMES

POEMS

ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS,

By Phillis Wheatley

(Negro Servant To Mr. John Wheatley, Of Boston, In New-England)

1771

CONTENTS

PREFACE.
TO THE PUBLIC.
P O E M S
TO  M AE C E N A S.
O N  V I R T U E.
TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, IN NEW-ENGLAND.
TO THE KING’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. 1768.
ON BEING BROUGHT FROM AFRICA TO AMERICA.
ON THE DEATH OF THE REV. DR. SEWELL, 1769.
ON THE DEATH OF THE REV. MR. GEORGE WHITEFIELD. 1770.
ON THE DEATH OF A YOUNG LADY OF FIVE YEARS OF AGE.
ON THE DEATH OF A YOUNG GENTLEMAN.
TO A LADY ON THE DEATH OF HER HUSBAND.
G O L I A T H  O F  G A T H.
THOUGHTS ON THE WORKS OF PROVIDENCE.
TO A LADY ON THE DEATH OF THREE RELATIONS.
TO A CLERGYMAN ON THE DEATH OF HIS LADY.
AN HYMN TO THE MORNING
AN HYMN TO THE EVENING.
ISAIAH lxiii. 1-8.
ON RECOLLECTION.
ON IMAGINATION.
A FUNERAL POEM ON THE DEATH OF C. E. AN INFANT OF TWELVE MONTHS.
TO CAPTAIN H———D, OF THE 65TH REGIMENT.
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM, EARL OF DARTMOUTH
O D E  T O  N E P T U N E.

TO A LADY ON HER COMING TO NORTH-AMERICA WITH HER SON, FOR THE
RECOVERY OF HER HEALTH.

TO A LADY ON HER REMARKABLE PRESERVATION IN AN HURRICANE IN
NORTH-CAROLINA.

TO A LADY AND HER CHILDREN, ON THE DEATH OF HER SON AND THEIR BROTHER.

TO A GENTLEMAN AND LADY ON THE DEATH OF THE LADY’S BROTHER AND
SISTER, AND A CHILD OF THE NAME OF AVIS, AGED ONE YEAR.

ON THE DEATH OF DR. SAMUEL MARSHALL. 1771.

TO A GENTLEMAN ON HIS VOYAGE TO GREAT-BRITAIN FOR THE RECOVERY OF HIS
HEALTH.

TO THE REV. DR. THOMAS AMORY, ON READING HIS SERMONS ON DAILY
DEVOTION, IN WHICH THAT DUTY IS RECOMMENDED AND ASSISTED.

ON THE DEATH OF J. C. AN INFANT.

AN  H Y M N  TO  H U M A N I T Y. TO S.
P. G. ESQ;

TO THE HONOURABLE T. H. ESQ; ON THE DEATH OF HIS DAUGHTER.

NIOBE IN DISTRESS FOR HER CHILDREN SLAIN BY APOLLO, FROM OVID’S
METAMORPHOSES, BOOK VI. AND FROM A VIEW OF THE PAINTING OF MR. RICHARD
WILSON.

TO S. M. A YOUNG AFRICAN PAINTER, ON SEEING HIS WORKS.

TO HIS HONOUR THE LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR, ON THE DEATH OF HIS LADY. MARCH
24, 1773.

A FAREWEL TO AMERICA. TO MRS. S. W.
A REBUS, BY I. B.
AN ANSWER TO THE REBUS, BY THE AUTHOR OF THESE POEMS.

NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS

AN AMERICAN SLAVE. WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.

CONTENTS

PREFACE
LETTER FROM WENDELL PHILLIPS, ESQ.
FREDERICK DOUGLASS.
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX
CHAPTER X
CHAPTER XI
APPENDIX
A PARODY

ADDITIONAL PROJECT GUTENBERG
COLLECTED ARTICLES

By Frederick Douglass

CONTENTS

MY
ESCAPE FROM SLAVERY

RECONSTRUCTION

MY BONDAGE and MY FREEDOM

By Frederick Douglass

CONTENTS

MY BONDAGE and MY FREEDOM
EDITOR’S PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I. Childhood
CHAPTER II. Removed from My First Home
CHAPTER III. Parentage
CHAPTER IV. A General Survey of the Slave Plantation
CHAPTER V. Gradual Initiation to the Mysteries of Slavery
CHAPTER VI. Treatment of Slaves on Lloyd’s Plantation
CHAPTER VII. Life in the Great House
CHAPTER VIII. A Chapter of Horrors
CHAPTER IX. Personal Treatment
CHAPTER X. Life in Baltimore
CHAPTER XI. “A Change Came O’er the Spirit of My Dream”
CHAPTER XII. Religious Nature Awakened
CHAPTER XIII. The Vicissitudes of Slave Life
CHAPTER XIV. Experience in St. Michael’s
CHAPTER XV. Covey, the Negro Breaker
CHAPTER XVI. Another Pressure of the Tyrant’s Vice
CHAPTER XVII. The Last Flogging
CHAPTER XVIII. New Relations and Duties
CHAPTER XIX. The Run-Away Plot
CHAPTER XX. Apprenticeship Life
CHAPTER XXI. My Escape from Slavery
LIFE as a FREEMAN
CHAPTER XXII. Liberty Attained
CHAPTER XXIII. Introduced to the Abolitionists
CHAPTER XXIV. Twenty-One Months in Great Britain
CHAPTER XXV. Various Incidents

RECEPTION SPEECH [10]. At Finsbury Chapel, Moorfields, England, May
12,

Dr. Campbell’s Reply
LETTER TO HIS OLD MASTER. [11]. To My Old Master, Thomas Auld

THE NATURE OF SLAVERY. Extract from a Lecture on Slavery, at
Rochester,

INHUMANITY OF SLAVERY. Extract from A Lecture on Slavery, at
Rochester,

WHAT TO THE SLAVE IS THE FOURTH OF JULY?. Extract from an Oration, at
THE INTERNAL SLAVE TRADE. Extract from an Oration, at Rochester, July
THE SLAVERY PARTY. Extract from a Speech Delivered before the A. A. S.
THE ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT. Extracts from a Lecture before Various
FOOTNOTES

UP FROM SLAVERY: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

By Booker T. Washington

CONTENTS

| Preface
| Introduction
| UP FROM SLAVERY
Chapter I | A Slave Among Slaves
Chapter II | Boyhood Days
Chapter III | The Struggle For An Education
Chapter IV | Helping Others
Chapter V | The Reconstruction Period
Chapter VI | Black Race And Red Race
Chapter VII | Early Days At Tuskegee
Chapter VIII | Teaching School In A Stable And A Hen-House
Chapter IX | Anxious Days And Sleepless Nights
Chapter X | A Harder Task Than Making Bricks Without Straw
Chapter XI | Making Their Beds Before They Could Lie On Them
Chapter XII | Raising Money
Chapter XIII | Two Thousand Miles For A Five-Minute Speech
Chapter XIV | The Atlanta Exposition Address
Chapter XV | The Secret Of Success In Public Speaking
Chapter XVI | Europe
Chapter XVII | Last Words

THE NEGRO PROBLEM

By Booker T. Washington and Others

CONTENTS

I

Industrial
Education for the Negro

| Booker T. Washington | 7

II

The
Talented Tenth

| W.E. Burghardt DuBois | 31

III

The
Disfranchisement of the Negro

| Charles W. Chesnutt | 77

IV

The
Negro and the Law

| Wilford H. Smith | 125

V

The
Characteristics of the Negro People

| H.T. Kealing | 161

VI

Representative
American Negroes

| Paul Laurence Dunbar | 187

VII

The
Negro's Place in American Life at the Present Day

| T. Thomas Fortune | 211

A NEGRO EXPLORER AT THE NORTH POLE

By Matthew A. Henson

With A Foreword By Robert E. Peary
Rear Admiral, U. S. N., Retired

And An Introduction By Booker T. Washington

CONTENTS

| page
Foreword | v
Introduction | xv

CHAPTER I

The Early Years: Schoolboy, Cabin-Boy, Seaman, and
Lieutenant Peary's Body-Servant—First Trips to the Arctic

1

CHAPTER II

Off for the Pole—How the Other Explorers
Looked—The Lamb-Like Esquimos—Arrival at Etah

15

CHAPTER III

Finding of Rudolph Franke—Whitney Landed—Trading and Coaling—Fighting the Ice-packs | 26

CHAPTER IV

Preparing for Winter at Cape Sheridan—The Arctic
Library

35

CHAPTER V

Making Peary Sledges—Hunting in the Arctic
Night—the Excitable Dogs and Their Habits

40

CHAPTER VI

The Peary Plan—a Rain of Rocks—My
Friends, the Esquimos

46

CHAPTER VII

Sledging to Cape Columbia—Hot Soldering in
Cold Weather

52

CHAPTER VIII

In Camp at Columbia—Literary Igloos—The
Magnificent Desolation of the Arctic

62

CHAPTER IX

Ready for the Dash to the Pole—The
Commander's Arrival

70

CHAPTER X

Forward! March! | 75

CHAPTER XI

Fighting up the Polar Sea—Held up by the "Big
Lead"

78

CHAPTER XII

Pioneering the Way—Breaking Sledges | 93

CHAPTER XIII

The Supporting-Parties Begin to Turn Back | 103

CHAPTER XIV

Bartlett's Farthest North—His Quiet Good-By | 116

CHAPTER XV

The Pole! | 127

CHAPTER XVI

The Fast Trek Back to Land | 140

CHAPTER XVII

Safe on the Roosevelt—Poor Marvin | 145

CHAPTER XVIII

After Musk-Oxen—The Doctor's Scientific
Expedition

153

CHAPTER XIX

The Roosevelt Starts for Home—Esquimo Villages—New
Dogs and New Dog Fights

161

CHAPTER XX

Two Narrow Escapes—Arrival at Etah—Harry
Whitney—Dr. Cook's Claims

170

CHAPTER XXI

Etah to New York—Coming of Mail and
Reporters—Home!

180

Appendix I—Notes on the Esquimos

189

Appendix II—List of Smith Sound
Esquimos

196

ILLUSTRATIONS

matthew a. henson | Frontispiece

nothing

facing
page

robert e. peary in his north pole furs | 76
the four north pole esquimos | 77
camp morris k. jesup at the north pole | 122
matthew a. henson immediately after the sledge journey to the pole and back | 123
the "roosevelt" in winter quarters at cape sheridan | 138
matthew a. henson in his north pole furs, taken after his return to civilization | 139

THE FUTURE OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO

By Booker T. Washington

CONTENTS

Chapter
I.

Page 3

First appearance of Negroes in America—Rapid increase—Conditions during Civil War—During the reconstruction.

Chapter
II.

Page 16

Responsibility of the whole country for the Negro—Progress in the past—Same methods of education do not fit all cases—Proved in the case of the Southern Negro—Illustrations—Lack of money—Comparison between outlay for schools North and South—Duty of North to South.

Chapter
III.

Page 42

Decadence of Southern plantation—Demoralization of Negroes natural—No home life before the war—Too much classical education at the start—Lack of practical training—Illustrations—The well-trained slaves now dead—Former plantations as industrial schools—The decayed plantation built up by a former slave—Misunderstanding of industrial education.

Chapter
IV.

Page 67

The Negroes' proper use of education—Hayti, Santo Domingo, and
Liberia as illustrations of the lack of practical training—Present necessity for union of all forces to further the cause of industrial education—Industrial education not opposed to the higher education—Results of practical training so far—Little or no prejudice against capable Negroes in business in the South—The
Negro at first shunned labor as degrading—Hampton and Tuskegee aim to remove this feeling—The South does not oppose industrial education for the Negroes—Address to Tuskegee students setting forth the necessity of steadfastness of purpose.

Chapter
V.

Page 106

The author's early life—At Hampton—The inception of the
Tuskegee School in 1881—Its growth—Scope—Size at present—Expenses—Purposes—Methods—Building of the chapel—Work of the graduates—Similar schools beginning throughout the South—Tuskegee Negro Conference—The
Workers' Conference—Tuskegee as a trainer of teachers.

Chapter
VI.

Page 127

The Negro race in politics—Its patriotic zeal in 1776—In
1814—In the Civil War—In the Spanish War—Politics attempted too soon after freedom—Poor leaders—Two parties in the South, the blacks' and the whites'—Not necessarily opposed in interests—The Negro should give up no rights—The same tests for the restriction of the franchise should be applied alike to both blacks and whites—This is not the case—Education and the franchise—The whites must help the blacks to pure votes—Rioting and lynching only to be stopped by mutual confidence.

Chapter
VII.

Page 157

Difficulty of fusion—Africa impossible as a refuge because already completely claimed by other nations—Comparison of
Negro race with white—Physical condition of the Negro—Present lack of ability to organize—Weaknesses—Ability to work—Trustworthiness—Desire to rise—Obstructions put in the way of Negroes' advancement—Results of oppression—Necessity for encouragement and self-respect—Comparison of Negroes'
position and that of the Jews—Lynching—Non-interference of the North—Increase of lynching—Statistics of numbers, races, places, causes of violence—Uselessness of lynching in preventing crime—Fairness in carrying out the laws—Increase of crime among the Negroes—Reason for it—Responsibility of both races.

Chapter
VIII.

Page 200

Population—Emigration to the North—Morality North and
South—Dangers: 1. incendiary advice; 2. mob violence; 3.
discouragement; 4. newspaper exaggeration; 5. lack of education; 6.
bad legislation—Negroes must identify with best interests of the South—Unwise missionary work—Wise missionary work—Opportunity for industrial education—The good standing of business-educated Negroes in the South—Religion and morality—Justice and appreciation coming for the Negro race as it proves itself worthy.

TUSKEGEE AND ITS PEOPLE

By Booker T. Washington

CONTENTS

| PAGE
GENERAL INTRODUCTION | 1
By Booker T. Washington.
PART I
THE SCHOOL AND ITS PURPOSES
I.—PRESENT ACHIEVEMENTS AND GOVERNING IDEALS | 19

By Emmett J. Scott, Mr. Washington's
Executive Secretary.

II.—RESOURCES AND MATERIAL EQUIPMENT | 35

By Warren Logan, Treasurer of the
School.

III.—THE ACADEMIC AIMS | 56

By Roscoe C. Bruce, Director of the
Academic Department.

IV.—WHAT GIRLS ARE TAUGHT, AND HOW | 68

By Mrs. Booker T. Washington,
Director of Industries for Girls.

V.—HAMPTON INSTITUTE'S RELATION TO TUSKEGEE | 87
By Robert R. Moton.
PART II
AUTOBIOGRAPHIES BY GRADUATES OF THE SCHOOL
I.—A COLLEGE PRESIDENT'S STORY | 101

By Isaac Fisher, of Pine Bluff,
Arkansas.

II.—A SCHOOL PRINCIPAL'S STORY | 111

By William H. Holtzclaw, of Utica,
Mississippi.

III.—A LAWYER'S STORY | 141

By George W. Lovejoy, of Mobile,
Alabama.

IV.—A SCHOOL TREASURER'S STORY | 152

By Martin A. Menafee, of Denmark,
South Carolina.

V.—THE STORY OF A FARMER | 164
By Frank Reid, of Dawkins, Alabama.
VI.—THE STORY OF A CARPENTER | 173

By Gabriel B. Miller, of Fort
Valley, Georgia.

VII.—COTTON-GROWING IN AFRICA | 184

By John W. Robinson, of Lome, Togo,
West Africa.

VIII.—THE STORY OF A TEACHER OF COOKING | 200

By Mary L. Dotson, of Tuskegee
Institute, Alabama.

IX.—A WOMAN'S WORK | 211

By Cornelia Bowen, of Waugh (Mt.
Meigs), Alabama.

X.—UPLIFTING OF THE SUBMERGED MASSES | 224

By W. J. Edwards, of Snow Hill,
Alabama.

XI.—A DAIRYMAN'S STORY | 253

By Lewis A. Smith, of Rockford,
Illinois.

XII.—THE STORY OF A WHEELWRIGHT | 264

By Edward Lomax, of Tuskegee
Institute, Alabama.

XIII.—THE STORY OF A BLACKSMITH | 276

By Jubie B. Bragg, of Tallahassee,
Florida.

XIV.—A DRUGGIST'S STORY | 285

By David L. Johnston, of Birmingham,
Alabama.

XV.—THE STORY OF A SUPERVISOR OF MECHANICAL INDUSTRIES | 299

By James M. Canty, of Institute P.
O., West Virginia.

XVI.—A NEGRO COMMUNITY BUILDER | 317

By Russell C. Calhoun, of
Eatonville, Florida.

XVII.—THE EVOLUTION OF A SHOEMAKER | 338

By Charles L. Marshall, of Cambria,
Virginia.

ILLUSTRATIONS

FACING
PAGE

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON | Frontispiece
EMMETT J. SCOTT | 20
Mr. Washington's Executive Secretary.
THE COLLIS P. HUNTINGTON MEMORIAL BUILDING | 26
WARREN LOGAN | 36
Treasurer of the School
THE OFFICE BUILDING IN PROCESS OF ERECTION | 50
Student carpenters shown at work.
ROSCOE C. BRUCE | 56
Director of the Academic Department.
A PORTION OF THE SCHOOL GROUNDS | 64
ANOTHER PORTION OF THE SCHOOL GROUNDS | 66
MRS. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON | 68
Director of Industries for Girls.
A CLASS IN MILLINERY | 76
THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL | 94

Standing, left to right: P. C. Parks,
Superintendent of Farm; George

W. Carver, Director, Agricultural
Department; J. N. Calloway,

Land Extension; John H. Palmer,
Registrar; Charles H. Gibson,

Resident Auditor; Edgar J. Penney,
Chaplain.

Seated, left to right: Lloyd G.
Wheeler, Business Agent; Robert R.

Taylor, Director of Mechanical
Industries; John H. Washington,

General Superintendent of
Industries; Warren Logan, Treasurer;

Booker T. Washington, Principal;
Miss Jane E. Clark, Dean of

Woman's Department; Mrs. Booker T.
Washington, Director of Industries

for Girls; and Emmett J. Scott,
Secretary to the Principal.

The Director of the Academic
Department, Roscoe C. Bruce, and the

Commandant of Cadets, Major J. B.
Ramsey, also members of

the Executive Council, were absent when photograph was taken.
THE CARNEGIE LIBRARY BUILDING | 108
MORNING AT THE BARNS ON THE SCHOOL FARM | 122
Teams of horses and cattle ready to start for the day's work.
STUDENTS PRUNING PEACH-TREES | 146
A SILO ON THE FARM | 166
Students filling it with fodder corn, steam-power being used.
A MODEL DINING-ROOM | 208
From the department where table-service is taught.
THE CULTURE OF BEES | 220
Students at work in the apiary.
IN THE DAIRY | 254
Students using separators.
STUDENTS AT WORK IN THE HARNESS SHOP | 270
AT THE HOSPITAL | 294
A corner in the boys' ward.
IN THE TIN SHOP | 300
STUDENTS CANNING FRUIT | 308
STARTING A NEW BUILDING | 314
Student masons laying the foundation in brick.
GIRLS GARDENING | 344

SHADOW and LIGHT

AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

With Reminiscences Of The Last And Present Century.

By Mifflin Wistar Gibbs

With An Introduction By Booker T. Washington

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

3

Parents, School and Teacher—Foundation of the Negroes'
Mechanical Knowledge—First Brick A. M. E. Church—Bishop
Allen—Olive Cemetery—Harriet Smith Home—"Underground
Railroad"—Incidents on the Road—William and Ellen Craft—William
Box Brown.

CHAPTER II

15

Nat Turner's Insurrection—Experience on a Maryland Plantation—First
Street Cars in Philadelphia—Anti-Slavery Meetings—Amusing
Incidents—Opposition of Negro Churches—Kossuth
Celebration, and the Unwelcome Guest.

CHAPTER III

29

Cinguez, the Hero of Armistead Captives—The Threshold of Man's
Estate—My First Lecturing Tour with Frederic Douglass—His
"Life and Times"—Pen Picture of George William Curtis of
Ante-Bellum Conditions—Harriet Beecher Stowe, Lucretia Mott, and
Frances E. Harper, a Noble Band of Women—"Go Do Some Great
Thing"—Journey to California—Incidents at Panama.

CHAPTER IV

40

Arrival at San Francisco—Getting Domiciled and Seeking Work—Strike of White Employees—Lester & Gibbs, Importers—Assaulted in Our Store—First Protest from the Colored Men of California—Poll
Tax.

CHAPTER V

51

"Vigilance Committee" and Lynch Law at "Fort Gunny"—Murder of
James King, of William—A Paradox to Present Conditions.

CHAPTER VI

59

Gold Discovery in British Columbia—Incidents on Shipboard and
Arrival at Victoria—National Unrest in 1859—"Irrepressible
Conflict"—Garrison and Douglass—Harriet Beecher Stowe and
Frances Ellen Harper—John Brown of Harper's Ferry—"Fugitive
Slave Law"—Flight to Canada.

CHAPTER VII

74

Abraham Lincoln President—Rebellion Inaugurated—Success of the Union Army—Re-Election of Lincoln—Bravery and
Endurance of Negro Soldiers—Assassination of Lincoln—Lynching
Denounced by Southern Governors and Statesmen—Words of Wisdom from St. Pierre de Couberton.

CHAPTER VIII

85

My First Entry Into Political Life—Intricacies of the Ballot—Number of Negro Schools, Pupils and Amount of School Property in 1898—Amendment to Constitution and Interview with Vice-President Schuyler Colfax at
Victoria, B. C.—William Lloyd Garrison, Jr., and James Russell
Lowell on the Right to Vote.

CHAPTER IX

93

Philip A. Bell, a Veteran Editor of the "Negro Press"—British
Columbia, Its Early History, Efforts for Annexation to the United
States—Meeting with Lady Franklin, Widow of Sir John Franklin, the Arctic Explorer, in 1859—Union of British Columbia with the
Dominion of Canada in 1868, the Political Issue—Queen Charlotte
Island—Anthracite Coal Company—Director, Contractor and
Shipper of First Cargo of Anthracite Coal on the Pacific Coast—Indians and Their Peculiarities.

CHAPTER X

107

An Incident of Peril—My Return to the United States in 1869—Thoughts and Feelings En Route—Entered Oberlin Law College and Graduated—Visit to my Brother, J. C. Gibbs, Secretary of State of Florida—A
Delegate to the National Convention of Colored Men at Charleston, S.
C.—"Gratitude Expensive"—The Trend of Republican Leaders—Contribution of Southern White People for Negro Education—Views of a Leading
Democrat.

CHAPTER XI

122

President of National Convention at Nashville, Tenn., in 1876—Pen and Ink Sketch by H. V. Redfield of "Cincinnati Commercial"—Colored
Leaders Desire to Fraternize for Race Protection—William H.
Grey, H. B. Robinson, and J. H. Johnson, of Arkansas, Leaders and
Planters—My Arrival at Little Rock, May, 1871—Reading of
Local Statutes in the Law Office of Benjamin & Barnes—"Wheeler
& Gibbs," Attorneys-at-Law.

CHAPTER XII

134

Politics and Politicians—Disruption of the Republicans in
Arkansas—"Minstrels and Brindle Tails"—Early Canvassing in the South, with Its Peculiarities—Ku Klux Visits—My
Appointment as County Attorney and Election as Municipal Judge—Hon.
John Allen, of Mississippi, His Descriptive Anecdote.

CHAPTER XIII

145

Lowering Cloud on Righteous Rule—Comparison of Negro Progress—Sir
Walter Scott in His Notes on English History—George C. Lorimer, a Noted Divine—Educational Solution of the Race Problem—Baron
Russell, Lord Chief Justice of England—Civil War in Arkansas—Expulsion of Governor Baxter and Instalment of Governor Brooks at the State
Houses—Stirring Episodes—"Who Shall Bell the Cat?"—Extraordinary
Session of the Legislature—My Issue of a Search Warrant for the
Seal of the State—Recognition of Baxter by the President.

CHAPTER XIV

158

Arkansas Constitutional Convention and New Constitution Adopted—Augustus
H. Garland Elected Governor—My Letter from Madagascar on
Learning of His Demise—General Grant's Nomination in 1872 at the
Academy of Music, Philadelphia—Oliver P. Morton, of Indiana—William
H. Gray, of Arkansas—R. B. Elliot, of South Carolina—"Henry at Ajincourt"—Study of Obsolete Languages Versus Industrial
Education—Views of Lord Rosebery, ex-Premier of England—Also of Washington Post—United States Have Supreme Advantages for the
Negro.

CHAPTER XV

173

Presidential Elector in 1876, Receiving the Highest Vote—President
Hayes, His Yearnings and Accomplishments—Protest Against
Lawlessness by the Negroes in State Conventions—Negro Exodus from the Southern to the Western States in 1878—Secretary
William Windom's Letter—Hon J. C. Rapier, of Alabama, and Myself
Appointed by Secretary Windom to Visit Western States and Report.

CHAPTER XVI

185

Appointed by the President in 1877 Register of U. S. Lands—Robert
J. Ingersoll on the Benignity of Homestead Law—General Grant's
Tour Around the World and His Arrival at Little Rock, 1879—A
Guest at the Banquet Given Him—Response to the Toast, "The
Possibilities of American Citizenship"—Roscoe Conkling's Speech
Nominating General Grant for Third Term—Bronze Medal as one of the Historic "306" at the National Convention of 1880—The Manner of General Grant's Defeat for Nomination and Garfield's Success—Character
Sketches of Hon. James G. Blaine, Ingersoll's Mailed Warrior and
Plumed Knight—Hon Grover Cleveland.

CHAPTER XVII

195

Honorary Commissioner for the Colored Exhibits of the World's
Exposition at New Orleans, La.—Neglected Opportunities—Important
Factors Necessary to Recognition.

CHAPTER XVIII

201

Effort of Henry Brown, of Oberlin, Ohio, to Establish "Schools of
Trade"—Call for a Conference of Leading Colored Men in 1885—Industrial
Fair at Pine Bluff, Ark.—Captain Thompson, of the "Capital
Guards," a Colored Military Company—Meeting of Prominent Leaders at New Orleans—The Late N. W. Cuney, of Texas—Contented
Benefactions from Christian Churches.

CHAPTER XIX

215

The Reunion of General Grant's "306"—Ferdinand Havis, of Pine
Bluff—Compromise and Disfranchisement—Progress of the
Negro—"Decoration Day"—My Letter to the "Gazette"—Commission to Sell Lots of the Hot Springs Reservation—Twelve Years in the
Land Service of the United States.

CHAPTER XX

223

My Appointment as U. S. Consul to Tamatave, Madagascar—My
Arrival in France En Route to Paris—Called on Ambassador Porter and Consul Gowdy Relative to My "Exequator"—Visited the Louvre, the Famous Gallery of Paintings—"Follies Bergere," or Variety
Theater—The "Dome des Invalids" or the Tomb of the Great
Napoleon—Mrs. Mason, of Arkansas and Washington, in Paris—Marseilles and "Hotel du Louvre"—Embarkation on French Ship "Pie Ho" for
Madagascar—Scenes and Incidents En Route—"Port Said"—Visit to the "Mosque," Mohammedan Place of Worship.

CHAPTER XXI

236

Suez Canal—The Red Sea—Pharaoh and His Hosts—Their
Waterloo—Children of Israel—Travel by Sea—Arrival and Landing at Madagascar—Bubonic Plague—My Letter From
Madagascar.

CHAPTER XXII

250

Island of Madagascar—Origin and Character of the Inhabitants—Their
Religion and Superstitions—Physical Appearance of Madagascar—A
Word Painting of Antananarivo, the Capital, by Cameron—Forms of
Government—Queens of Madagascar—Slavery and Forced Labor.

CHAPTER XXIII

265

Introduction of the Christian Religion—Printing the Bible, Edict by Queen Ranavalona Against It—The New Religion "a Cloth of a
Pattern She Did Not Like"—Asked the Missionaries, "Can You Make
Soap?"—"Dark Days"—Persecutions and Executions for a
Quarter of a Century—Examples of Christian Martyrs—Death of Queen Ranavalona—Permanent Establishment of the Christian
Religion—Self-denial and Heroic Service of the Roman Catholics—Native
Race Protection Committee—Forced Labor Abolished.

CHAPTER XXIV

282

Cuba and the Philippines—Their Acquisition Under the Plea of
Relief From Spanish Misrule—Aguinaldo, Leader of the Filipinos—The
Fidelity and Bravery of the American Negro in the Spanish War—Attestation by Many Witnesses—Industrial Education—Othello's
Occupation Gone When Polls are Closed.

CHAPTER XXV

298

Opposition Possibly Beneficent—President McKinley's Order for
Enlistment of Colored Soldiers—General Grosvenor's Tribute—Fifteen
Thousand in the Spanish War—U. S. Supreme Court vs. The Negro—The
Basis of Congressional Representation.

CHAPTER XXVI

306

Departure from Madagascar—Memories—Governor General's
Farewell Letter—Madagascar Branch of the Smithsonian Institute—Wild
Animals, a Consul's Burden—Descriptive Letter to State
Department.

CHAPTER XXVII

312

Leave-taking, its Jollity and Sadness—Arrival at Camp Aden,
Arabia—An Elysium for the Toper—Whisky Was Plenty, But the
Water Was Out—Pleasant Visit to U. S. Consul Cunningham, of
Knoxville, Tenn.—Arrival at Suez—My Visit to the U. S.
Cruiser "New York"—The Urbanity of Captain Rogers—Suez
Canal—Port Said—"Mal de Mer"—Marseilles to Paris—Across the English Channel to London.

CHAPTER XXVIII

320

My First Visit to the Land of Wilberforce and Clarkson—Excursion on the Thames—Bank of England—Visited Towers of London—Beauchamp
Tower With Its Sad Inscriptions—Arrival at New York—National
Negro Business Men's League Convention at Chicago—Booker T.
Washington President—Many Talented Business Men in Attendance.

CHAPTER XXIX

327

Visit to President McKinley at Canton, Ohio—His Assassination at
Buffalo—The Assassin Struck Down by James Parker—President's
Death—The Nation in Tears—A Christian Statesman—A
Lover of Justice—Crucial Epochs of Our Country's History, the
Negro at the Fore.

CHAPTER XXX

336

President Roosevelt—His Imperial Honesty—Ex-Governor
Jones, of Alabama—Advance of Justice in Our Country—Status a Half-Century Ago—Theodore Parker's Arraignment—Eulogy by
Ralph Waldo Emerson.

CHAPTER XXXI

343

Booker T. Washington a Guest at the White House—Northern and
Southern Press Comments—The Latter Not Typical of the Best
Element of Southern Opinion.

CHAPTER XXXII

361

Washington City, the American Mecca—Ante-room at the White House—The
Diary of an Office Seeker—William, the Innocent—William, the Croker—Colored People of the District of Columbia—Colored
Press of the District.

CHAPTER XXXIII | 269 | Howard University—Public Schools—R. H. Terrell Appointed to a Judgship of the District—Unlettered Pioneers—Conclusions. |

ILLUSTRATIONS.

1. M. W. Gibbs | Front.
2. Richard Allen | 8
3. Wm. Lloyd Garrison | 18
4. Frederick Douglass | 32
5. Booker T. Washington | 44
6. H. M. Turner | 50
7. Geo. H. White | 58
8. J. M. Langston | 70
9. Abraham Lincoln | 74
10. W. B. Derrick | 80
11. Alexander Walters | 92
12. H. P. Cheatham | 104
13. Edward E. Cooper | 118
14. Judson Lyons | 128
15. Powell Clayton | 140
16. P. B. S. Pinchback | 149
17. A. H. Garland | 158
18. J. A. Booker | 172
19. I. G Ish | 175

20. J. P. Green | 183
21. P. L. Dunbar | 199
22. B. K. Bruce | 204
23. T. T. Fortune | 210
24. W. A. Pledger | 220
25. John C. Dancy | 228
26. Abram Grant | 253
27. J. E. Bush | 263
28. J. P. Robinson | 272
29. Martyrs | 274
30. Chester W. Keatts | 284
31. J. T. Settle | 294
32. Justice Harlan | 302
33. Charles W. Chestnut | 312
34. William McKinley | 327
35. James B. Parker | 331
36. President Roosevelt | 336
37. Secretary Cortelyou | 341
38. W. Calvin Chase | 367
39. R. H. Terrill | 370

THE NEGRO IN THE SOUTH

Being the William Levi Bull
Lectures for the Year 1907

By Booker T. Washington And W.E. Burghardt Dubois

CONTENTS

I.

The Economic Development of the Negro Race in Slavery
By Booker T. Washington

7

II.

The Economic Development of the Negro Race since its
Emancipation
By Booker T. Washington

43

III.

The Economic Revolution in the South
By
W.E. Burghardt DuBois

77

IV.

Religion in the South
By W.E. Burghardt
DuBois

123

| Notes to Chapters III and IV | 193

THE SOULS OF BLACK FOLK

By W.E.B. Du Bois

CONTENTS

CHAPTER |

The
Forethought

I.

Of
Our Spiritual Strivings

II. | Of the Dawn of Freedom

III.

Of
Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others

IV. | Of the Meaning of Progress
V. | Of the Wings of Atalanta
VI. | Of the Training of Black Men
VII. | Of the Black Belt
VIII. | Of the Quest of the Golden Fleece
IX. | Of the Sons of Master and Man
X. | Of the Faith of the Fathers
XI. | Of the Passing of the First-Born

XII.

Of
Alexander Crummell

XIII. | Of the Coming of John
XIV. | Of the Sorrow Songs

The
Afterthought

DARKWATER

Voices from within the Veil

By W.E.B. Du Bois

CONTENTS

| POSTSCRIPT

Credo

I

THE
SHADOW OF YEAR

A
Litany at Atlanta

II

THE
SOULS OF WHITE FOLK

The
Riddle of the Sphinx

III

THE
HANDS OF ETHIOPIA

The
Princess of the Hither Isles

IV

OF
WORK AND WEALTH

The
Second Coming

V

"THE
SERVANT IN THE HOUSE"

Jesus
Christ in Texas

VI

OF
THE RULING OF MEN

The
Call

VII

THE
DAMNATION OF WOMEN

| Children of the Moon

VIII

THE
IMMORTAL CHILD

Almighty
Death

IX

OF
BEAUTY AND DEATH

The
Prayers of God

X

THE
COMET

A
Hymn to the Peoples

THE QUEST OF THE SILVER FLEECE

By W.E.B. Du Bois

1911

CONTENTS

| Note from the Author
One | DREAMS
Two | THE SCHOOL
Three | MISS MARY TAYLOR
Four | TOWN
Five | ZORA
Six | COTTON
Seven | THE PLACE OF DREAMS
Eight | MR. HARRY CRESSWELL
Nine | THE PLANTING
Ten | MR. TAYLOR CALLS
Eleven | THE FLOWERING OF THE FLEECE
Twelve | THE PROMISE
Thirteen | MRS. GREY GIVES A DINNER
Fourteen | LOVE
Fifteen | REVELATION
Sixteen | THE GREAT REFUSAL
Seventeen | THE RAPE OF THE FLEECE
Eighteen | THE COTTON CORNER
Nineteen | THE DYING OF ELSPETH
Twenty | THE WEAVING OF THE SILVER FLEECE
Twenty-one | THE MARRIAGE MORNING
Twenty-two | MISS CAROLINE WYNN
Twenty-three | THE TRAINING OF ZORA
Twenty-four | THE EDUCATION OF ALWYN
Twenty-five | THE CAMPAIGN
Twenty-six | CONGRESSMAN CRESSWEL
Twenty-seven | THE VISION OF ZORA
Twenty-eight | THE ANNUNCIATION
Twenty-nine | A MASTER OF FATE
Thirty | THE RETURN OF ZORA
Thirty-one | A PARTING OF WAYS
Thirty-two | ZORA'S WAY
Thirty-three | THE BUYING OF THE SWAMP
Thirty-four | THE RETURN OF ALWYN
Thirty-five | THE COTTON MILL
Thirty-six | THE LAND
Thirty-seven | THE MOB
Thirty-eight | ATONEMENT

THE NEGRO

By W.E.B. Du Bois

CONTENTS

I | AFRICA
II | THE COMING OF BLACK MEN
III | ETHIOPIA AND EGYPT
IV | THE NIGER AND ISLAM
V | GUINEA AND CONGO
VI | THE GREAT LAKES AND ZYMBABWE
VII | THE WAR OF RACES AT LAND'S END
VIII | AFRICAN CULTURE
IX | THE TRADE IN MEN
X | THE WEST INDIES AND LATIN AMERICA
XI | THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES
XII | THE NEGRO PROBLEMS

SUGGESTIONS
FOR FURTHER READING

MAPS

The
Physical Geography of Africa

Ancient
Kingdoms of Africa

Races in Africa
Distribution of Negro Blood, Ancient and Modern

THE SUPPRESSION OF THE AFRICAN SLAVE-TRADE
TO THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA

1638-1870

Volume I, Harvard Historical Studies

1896

CONTENTS

CHAPTER
I
Introductory

1. | Plan of the Monograph | 9
2. | The Rise of the English Slave-Trade | 9

CHAPTER
II
The Planting Colonies

3. | Character of these Colonies | 15
4. | Restrictions in Georgia | 15
5. | Restrictions in South Carolina | 16
6. | Restrictions in North Carolina | 19
7. | Restrictions in Virginia | 19
8. | Restrictions in Maryland | 22
9. | General Character of these Restrictions | 23

CHAPTER
III
The Farming Colonies

10. | Character of these Colonies | 24
11. | The Dutch Slave-Trade | 24
12. | Restrictions in New York | 25
13. | Restrictions in Pennsylvania and Delaware | 28
14. | Restrictions in New Jersey | 32
15. | General Character of these Restrictions | 33

CHAPTER
IV
The Trading Colonies

16. | Character of these Colonies | 34
17. | New England and the Slave-Trade | 34
18. | Restrictions in New Hampshire | 36
19. | Restrictions in Massachusetts | 37
20. | Restrictions in Rhode Island | 40
21. | Restrictions in Connecticut | 43
22. | General Character of these Restrictions | 44

CHAPTER
V
The Period of the Revolution,
1774–1787

23. | The Situation in 1774 | 45
24. | The Condition of the Slave-Trade | 46
25. | The Slave-Trade and the "Association" | 47
26. | The Action of the Colonies | 48
27. | The Action of the Continental Congress | 49
28. | Reception of the Slave-Trade Resolution | 51
29. | Results of the Resolution | 52
30. | The Slave-Trade and Public Opinion after the War | 53
31. | The Action of the Confederation | 56

CHAPTER
VI
The Federal Convention, 1787

32. | The First Proposition | 58
33. | The General Debate | 59
34. | The Special Committee and the "Bargain" | 62
35. | The Appeal to the Convention | 64
36. | Settlement by the Convention | 66
37. | Reception of the Clause by the Nation | 67
38. | Attitude of the State Conventions | 70
39. | Acceptance of the Policy | 72

CHAPTER
VII
Toussaint L'Ouverture and
Anti-Slavery Effort, 1787–1807

40. | Influence of the Haytian Revolution | 74
41. | Legislation of the Southern States | 75
42. | Legislation of the Border States | 76
43. | Legislation of the Eastern States | 76
44. | First Debate in Congress, 1789 | 77
45. | Second Debate in Congress, 1790 | 79
46. | The Declaration of Powers, 1790 | 82
47. | The Act of 1794 | 83
48. | The Act of 1800 | 85
49. | The Act of 1803 | 87
50. | State of the Slave-Trade from 1789 to 1803 | 88
51. | The South Carolina Repeal of 1803 | 89
52. | The Louisiana Slave-Trade, 1803–1805 | 91
53. | Last Attempts at Taxation, 1805–1806 | 94
54. | Key-Note of the Period | 96

CHAPTER
VIII
The Period of Attempted Suppression,
1807–1825

55. | The Act of 1807 | 97
56. | The First Question: How shall illegally imported Africans be disposed of? | 99
57. | The Second Question: How shall Violations be punished? | 104
58. | The Third Question: How shall the Interstate Coastwise Slave-Trade be protected? | 106
59. | Legislative History of the Bill | 107
60. | Enforcement of the Act | 111
61. | Evidence of the Continuance of the Trade | 112
62. | Apathy of the Federal Government | 115
63. | Typical Cases | 120
64. | The Supplementary Acts, 1818–1820 | 121
65. | Enforcement of the Supplementary Acts,1818–1825 | 126

CHAPTER
IX
The International Status of the
Slave-Trade, 1783–1862

66. | The Rise of the Movement against the Slave-Trade,1788–1807 | 133
67. | Concerted Action of the Powers, 1783–1814 | 134
68. | Action of the Powers from 1814 to 1820 | 136
69. | The Struggle for an International Right of Search, 1820–1840 | 137
70. | Negotiations of 1823–1825 | 140
71. | The Attitude of the United States and the State of the Slave-Trade | 142
72. | The Quintuple Treaty, 1839–1842 | 145
73. | Final Concerted Measures, 1842–1862 | 148

CHAPTER
X
The Rise of the Cotton Kingdom,
1820–1850

74. | The Economic Revolution | 152
75. | The Attitude of the South | 154
76. | The Attitude of the North and Congress | 156
77. | Imperfect Application of the Laws | 159
78. | Responsibility of the Government | 161
79. | Activity of the Slave-Trade,1820–1850 | 163

CHAPTER
XI
The Final Crisis, 1850–1870

80. | The Movement against the Slave-Trade Laws | 168
81. | Commercial Conventions of 1855–1856 | 169
82. | Commercial Conventions of 1857–1858 | 170
83. | Commercial Convention of 1859 | 172
84. | Public Opinion in the South | 173
85. | The Question in Congress | 174
86. | Southern Policy in 1860 | 176
87. | Increase of the Slave-Trade from 1850 to 1860 | 178
88. | Notorious Infractions of the Laws | 179
89. | Apathy of the Federal Government | 182
90. | Attitude of the Southern Confederacy | 187
91. | Attitude of the United States | 190

CHAPTER
XII
The Essentials in the Struggle

92. | How the Question Arose | 193
93. | The Moral Movement | 194
94. | The Political Movement | 195
95. | The Economic Movement | 195
96. | The Lesson for Americans | 196
APPENDICES

A.

A
Chronological Conspectus of Colonial and State Legislation restricting the African Slave-Trade, 1641–1787

199

B.

A
Chronological Conspectus of State, National, and International
Legislation, 1788–1871

234

C.

Typical
Cases of Vessels engaged in the American Slave-Trade, 1619–1864

306

D. | Bibliography | 316
| INDEX | 347

THE NEGRO IN THE SOUTH

Being the William Levi Bull
Lectures for the Year 1907

By Booker T. Washington

Of the Tuskeegee Normal and Industrial Institute
and

W.E. Burghardt Dubois

Of the Atlanta University

CONTENTS

I.

The Economic Development of the Negro Race in Slavery
By Booker T. Washington

7

II.

The Economic Development of the Negro Race since its
Emancipation
By Booker T. Washington

43

III.

The Economic Revolution in the South
By
W.E. Burghardt DuBois

77

IV.

Religion in the South
By W.E. Burghardt
DuBois

123

| Notes to Chapters III and IV | 193

OUR WORLD:

OR, THE SLAVEHOLDER'S DAUGHTER.

By F. Colburn Adams

1855.

CONTENTS

| PREFACE.
CHAPTER I. | MARSTON'S PLANTATION.
CHAPTER II. | HOW A NIGHT WAS SPENT ON MARSTON'S PLANTATION.
CHAPTER III. | THINGS ARE NOT SO BRIGHT AS THEY SEEM.
CHAPTER IV. | AN UNEXPECTED CONFESSION.
CHAPTER V. | THE MAROONING PARTY.
CHAPTER VI. | ANOTHER SCENE IN SOUTHERN LIFE.
CHAPTER VII. | "BUCKRA-MAN VERY UNCERTAIN."
CHAPTER VIII. | A CLOUD OF MISFORTUNE HANGS OVER THE PLANTATION.
CHAPTER IX. | WHO IS SAFE AGAINST THE POWER?
CHAPTER X. | ANOTHER SHADE OF THE PICTURE.
CHAPTER XI. | MRS. ROSEBROOK'S PROJECT.
CHAPTER XII. | ELDER PEMBERTON PRAISEWORTHY CHANGES HIS BUSINESS.
CHAPTER XIII. | A FATHER TRIES TO BE A FATHER.
CHAPTER XIV. | IN WHICH THE EXTREMES ARE PRESENTED.
CHAPTER XV. | A SCENE OF MANY LIGHTS.
CHAPTER XVI. | ANOTHER PHASE OF THE PICTURE.
CHAPTER XVII. | PLEASANT DEALINGS WITH HUMAN PROPERTY.
CHAPTER XVIII. | A NOT UNCOMMON SCENE SLIGHTLY CHANGED.
CHAPTER XIX. | THEY ARE ALL GOING TO BE SOLD.
CHAPTER XX. | LET US FOLLOW POOR HUMAN NATURE TO THE MAN SHAMBLES.
CHAPTER XX. | A FATHER'S TRIALS.
CHAPTER XXI. | WE CHANGE WITH FORTUNE.
CHAPTER XXII. | THE VICISSITUDES OF A PREACHER.
CHAPTER XXIII. | HOW WE MANUFACTURE POLITICAL FAITH.
CHAPTER XXIV. | MR. M'FADDEN SEES SHADOWS IN THE FUTURE.
CHAPTER XXV. | HOW THEY STOLE THE PREACHER.
CHAPTER XXVI. | COMPETITION IN HUMAN THINGS.
CHAPTER XXVII. | THE PRETTY CHILDREN ARE TO BE SOLD.
CHAPTER XXVIII. | NATURE SHAMES ITSELF.
CHAPTER XXX. | THE VISION OF DEATH HAS PAST.
CHAPTER XXXI. | A FRIEND IS WOMAN.
CHAPTER XXXII. | MARSTON IN PRISON.
CHAPTER XXXIII. | VENDERS OF HUMAN PROPERTY ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS MENTAL CAPRICES.
CHAPTER XXXIV. | A COMMON INCIDENT SHORTLY TOLD.
CHAPTER XXXV. | THE CHILDREN ARE IMPROVING.
CHAPTER XXXVI. | WORKINGS OF THE SLAVE SYSTEM.
CHAPTER XXXVII. | AN ITEM IN THE COMMON CALENDAR.
CHAPTER XXXVIII. | IN WHICH REGRETS ARE SHOWN OF LITTLE WORTH.
CHAPTER XXXIX. | HOW WE SHOULD ALL BE FORGIVING.
CHAPTER XL. | CONTAINING VARIOUS MATTERS.
CHAPTER XLI. | NICHOLAS'S SIMPLE STORY.
CHAPTER XLII. | HE WOULD DELIVER HER FROM BONDAGE.
CHAPTER XLIII. | OTHER PHASES OF THE SUBJECT.
CHAPTER XLIV. | HOW DADDY BOB DEPARTED.
CHAPTER XLV. | HOW SLAVEHOLDERS FEAR EACH OTHER.
CHAPTER XLVI. | SOUTHERN ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE.
CHAPTER XLVII. | PROSPERITY THE RESULT OF JUSTICE.
CHAPTER XLVIII. | IN WHICH THE FATE OF FRANCONIA IS SEEN.
CHAPTER XLIX. | IN WHICH IS A SAD RECOGNITION.
CHAPTER L. | IN WHICH A DANGEROUS PRINCIPLE IS ILLUSTRATED.
CHAPTER LI. | A CONTINUATION OF THE LAST CHAPTER.
CHAPTER LII. | IN WHICH ARE PLEASURES AND DISAPPOINTMENTS.
CHAPTER LIII. | A FAMILIAR SCENE, IN WHICH PRINGLE BLOWERS HAS BUSINESS.
CHAPTER LIV. | IN WHICH ARE DISCOVERIES AND PLEASANT SCENES.

CHAPTER LV.

IN WHICH IS A HAPPY MEETING, SOME CURIOUS FACTS DEVELOPED, AND
CLOTILDA'S HISTORY DISCLOSED.

CHAPTER LVI.

IN WHICH A PLOT IS DISCLOSED, AND THE MAN-SELLER MADE TO PAY THE
PENALTY OF HIS CRIMES.

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOL. I., No. 1 JANUARY, 1916

Edited By Carter G. Woodson

CONTENTS

Carter G. Woodson: The
Negroes of Cincinnati Prior to the Civil War W.
B. Hartgrove: The
Story of Maria Louise Moore and Fannie M. Richards Monroe N. Work: The
Passing Tradition and the African Civilization A. O. Stafford: The
Mind of the African Negro as reflected in his Proverbs Documents:

- What the Negro was thinking during the Eighteenth Century.

- Letters showing the Rise and Progress of the early Negro Churches of
Georgia and The West Indies.

Reviews of Books:

- Steward's Haitian
Revolution;

- Cromwell's The
Negro in American History;

- Ellis's Negro
Culture in West Africa;

- and Woodson's The
Education of the Negro Prior to 1861.

Notes

VOL. I., NO. 2, APRIL, 1916

CONTENTS

Kelly Miller: The
Historic Background of the Negro Physician W.
B. Hartgrove: The
Negro Soldier in the American Revolution C.
G. Woodson: Freedom and Slavery in Appalachian America A. O.
Stafford: Antar,
The Arabian Negro Warrior, Poet and Hero Documents:

- Eighteenth
Century Slaves As Advertised By Their Masters;

- Learning a Modern Language;

- Learning to Read and Write;

- Educated
Negroes;

- Slaves in Good Circumstances;

- Negroes
Brought from The West Indies;

- Various
Kinds of Servants;

- Negro
Privateers and Soldiers Prior to The American Revolution;

- Relations
Between the Slaves and the British During The Revolutionary War;

- Relations
Between the Slaves And the French During The Colonial Wars;

- Colored
Methodist Preachers Among the Slaves;

- Slaves in Other Professions;

- Close
Relations of the Slaves and Indentured Servants.

Reviews of Books:

- Dubois's The
Negro;

- Roman's The
American Civilization and the Negro;

- Henry's The
Police Control of the Slave in South Carolina;

- Steward and Steward's Gouldtown.

Notes
How The Public Received The Journal Of Negro History
Various
Letters and Reviews

VOL. I., NO. 3, JUNE, 1916

CONTENTS

John H. Russell, Ph.D.: Colored
Freemen as Slave Owners in Virginia John H.
Paynter, A.M.: The
Fugitives of the Pearl Benjamin Brawley: Lorenzo
Dow Louis R. Mehlinger: The
Attitude Of The Free Negro Toward African Colonization Documents:

- Transplanting
Free Negroes to Ohio From 1815 to 1858:

- Blacks and Mulattoes,

- New
Style Colonization,

- Freedom in a Free State,

- The
Randolph Slaves,

- The
Republic of Liberia.

- A
Typical Colonization Convention:

- Convention of Free Colored People,

- Emigration of the Colored Race,

- Circular,
Address to the Free Colored People of the State of Maryland,

- Proceedings of the Convention of Free Colored People of the State of
Maryland

Reviews of Books:

- Abel's The
Slaveholding Indians. Volume I: As Slaveholder and Secessionist;

- George's The
Political History of Slavery in the United States;

- Clark's The
Constitutional Doctrines of Justice Harlan;

- Thompson's Reconstruction in Georgia, Economic, Social, Political, 1865--1872

Notes

VOL. I., NO. 4, OCTOBER, 1916

CONTENTS

C. E. Pierre: The
Work of The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts among the Negroes in the Colonies Alice
Dunbar-Nelson: People of Color in Louisiana, Part I William T.
McKinney: The
Defeat of the Secessionists in Kentucky in 1861 J. Kunst:

- Notes on Negroes in Guatemala During the Seventeenth Century;

- A
Mulatto Corsair of the Sixteenth Century

Documents:

- Travelers'
Impressions of Slavery in America from 1750 to 1800:

- Burnaby's
View of the Situation in Virginia;

- General
Treatment of Slaves Among the Albanians--Consequent Attachment of Domestics.--Reflections on Servitude by an American Lady;

- Impressions of an English Traveler;

- Abbé
Robin on Conditions in Virginia;

- Observations of St. John De Crèvecoeur;

- Impressions of Johann D. Schoepf;

- Extracts from Anburey's Travels Through North America;

- Vindication of The Negroes: A Controversy;

- Sur
L'état Général, Le Genre D'industrie, Les
Moeurs, Le Caractère, Etc. Des Noirs, Dans Les États-unis;

- Slavery as Seen by Henry Wansey;

- Esclavage
Par La Rochefoucauld-liancourt;

- Observations
Sur L'esclavage Par La Rochefoucauld-liancourt;

- What
Isaac Weld Observed in Slave States;

- John
Davis's Thoughts on Slavery;

- Observations of Robert Sutcliff;

- Some
Letters of Richard Allen and Absalom Jones to Dorothy Ripley;

- Letter from an African Minister, Resident in Philadelphia Addressed to Dorothy Ripley.

- Letter from an African, resident in Philadelphia, to Dorothy Ripley

Reviews of Books:

- Clayton's The
Aftermath of the Civil War, in Arkansas;

- Evans's Black and White in the Southern States;

- Sayers's Samuel
Coleridge-Taylor--Musician. His Life and Letters;

- Bailey's Race
Orthodoxy in the South and Other Aspects of the Negro Problem;

Notes

INDEX TO VOLUME I.

Abel, A. H. II, The Slaveholding Indians of, reviewed, 339
African Mind, The, 42
Aftermath of the Civil War, The, reviewed, 444
Albany,
a state convention of Colored people at, 293;
slavery at, 400
Allen, Richard, letter of, 436
American Colonization Society opposed by free Negroes, 276
American lady, an, on the treatment of slaves, 400
Anburey, travels through North America, quoted, 407
Anderson, Martha E., a teacher in Ohio, 19
Andrew, one of the first Negroes to teach in Charleston, 352
Angus, Judith, the will of, 238
Antar, the Arabian Negro Warrior, Poet and Hero, 151
Arming the slaves,
urged in South Carolina, 121;
in Virginia, 119;
in Rhode Island, 119;
in Massachusetts, 120;
in New York, 120
Astor, John Jacob, grandson of, aided slaves to purchase freedom, 252
Attitude of the Free People of Color toward African Colonization, 276
Auchmutty, Rev. Mr., took up the work of Elias Neau, 358
Augusta, Dr. A. T.,
studied medicine at
Toronto, 105;
surgeon in the Civil War, 107
Augusta, Negroes at the siege of, 117

Bacon, Rev. Thomas, favored the instruction of Negroes, 350
Ball, Thomas, a colored photographer, 20
Baltimore, George, on colonization, 297
Baltimore,
meeting to protest against African colonization, 279;
another colonization meeting in 1831, 238;
a divided meeting, 298;
A Typical Colonization Meeting, 318
Bancroft, tribute to Negro troops, 129
"Baptists, Emancipating," 143
Barclay, Rev. T., instructed Negroes at Albany, 358
Bartow, Rev. Mr., baptized Negroes, 355
Beckett, Rev. Mr., instructed Negroes, 355
Beech, Rev. J., baptized Negroes, 359
Beecham, Mrs., teacher of Negroes in Fredericksburg, 24
Beecher, Henry Ward, aided slaves to purchase freedom, 254
Berea College in anti-slavery centre, 149
Bienville,
exchanged Indians for Negroes, 362;
code of, 365;
Negro troops under, 371
Bigham, J. A., review of Du Bois's The Negro, 217
Birney, James G., editor of The Philanthropist destroyed by mob, 8
Black and White in the Southern States, reviewed, 437
Black Laws of Ohio, 2, 3, 4;
repeal of 16
Black master, the existence of, 235-236
Blackburn, Miss Lucy, taught in Cincinnati, 19
Border States, position of, in 1861, 371
Boré, de Etienne,
learned to granulate sugar, 375;
the effects of the discovery, 375-376
Boston, anti-colonization meetings at, 284, 292
Bowen, Nathaniel, on colonization, 298
Boyd, Henry, a successful Negro business man prior to 1860, 21
Brawley, Benjamin, Lorenzo Dow, 265
Bray, Rev. Thomas, work of,
among Negroes, 353-354;
"The Associates" of, 354
"Breckinridge Democrats," in control of Kentucky, 379
Breckinridge, John, views of, 377, 378, 379
Breacroft, Dr., appeal of, in behalf of the enlightenment of the
Negroes, 352
Brissot de Warville, J. P., on the condition of the slaves, 419
Brooklyn, anti-colonization meeting of, 285
Brown County, Ohio, Negroes in, 302
Brown, William Wells, an occasional physician, 106
Bryan, Andrew, letters of, 87
Buckner, S. B., joined the Confederates, 390

Calhoun, John C., refuted by Dr. James McCune Smith, 104
Casas, De las, on slavery, 361-362
Casey, Wm. R., a teacher, 19
Casor, John, a slave, 234
Cesar, cure of, 101-102
Channing, offered to aid the defense of Daniel Drayton, 251
Charleston, missionary efforts at,
among Negroes, 350-352;
attitude of Negroes of, toward colonization, 280-281
Charlton, Rev. Mr., a teacher of Negroes in New York, 358
Chase, Salmon P., desired to aid Daniel Drayton, 251
Chastellux, Marquis de,
his observations of Negro troops, 128
critical examination of the travels of, 419
Chatham, the attitude of the Negroes of, toward colonization, 300
Chickasaws, fought with Negroes in Louisiana, 370
Chouchas, fought with Negroes in Louisiana, 369, 370
Choctaws, Negroes' troubles with, in Louisiana, 371
Cimarrones, in Guatemala, 393-394
Cincinnati,
The Negroes of, Prior to 1861, 1;
Lane Seminary students opposed slavery, 7-8, 10-11, 12;
Negro churches of, 11
progress of the Negroes of, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13;
anti-colonization meetings of, 289, 293, 294;
Negroes excluded from public schools of, 17-18
Clark, F. B., The Constitutional Doctrines of Justice Harlan, 342
Clark, Jonathan, letters of, 79, 82
Clark, Peter H., a teacher in Ohio, 19
Clay, Henry, asked to head the anti-slavery societies of Kentucky, 144
Clayton, Powell, The Aftermath of the Civil War of, reviewed, 444
Cleveland, anti-colonization meeting of, 292
Clinton, Sir Henry,
appeal of, to Negroes, 116
proclamation of, 116
Code Noir, quoted, 365
Coffin, Joshua, aided fugitives to Northwest Territory, 146
Colgan, Rev. Mr., taught Negroes in New York, 358
Colonization, African,
opposed, 279;
supported, 280-282
Color, People of, in Louisiana, 362
Colored Freemen as Slave Owners in Virginia, 233
Columbia, anti-colonization meeting of, 287
Columbus, Negroes of, opposed to colonization, 292, 293
Conrad, Rufus, a preacher in Ohio, 20
Cook, Rev. Joseph, letter of, 69
Cooke, Stephen, letter of, 77
Cookes, moved from Fredericksburg to Detroit, 26
Cooper, Phil, chattel of his free wife, 240
Corbic, W. J., a teacher of Ohio, 19
Cornish, Samuel, opposed colonization, 294
Cornwallis, Ft., garrisoned by Negroes, 117
Corsair, a mulatto, 397
Creole, definition of, 366-368
Crittenden, John J.,
advocated neutrality, 383;
letter of, to General Scott, 387
Crittenden, Thomas L., stood with the Union, 391
Cromwell, John W., The Negro in American History of, reviewed, 94
Crozat, Anthony, traffic of, in slaves, 362
Crummell, Alexander, on colonization, 296
Cutler, Rev. Dr., admitted Negroes to his congregation at Boston, 359

Dabney, Austin, remarkable soldier and man, 129-131
Dahomey, speech of the king of, 65
D'Alone, a supporter of Dr. Bray, 353
Davis, Garrett, letter of, to General MeClellan, 381
Davis, John, thoughts on slavery, 434
Dayton, meeting at, to promote colonization, 298
De Baptiste, Richard,
attended school at
Fredericksburg, 22;
moved to Detroit, 22; a preacher, 29
Debern, Magdelaine, lawsuit of, 366
De Grasse, John V., student at Bowdoin, 105
Delany, M. R.,
studied at Harvard, 105;
physician at Pittsburgh, 106;
news on African colonization, 296;
sent to Africa, 300
Depression of Louisiana, 375-376.
Derham, James, a Negro physician, 103
Detroit, attitude of,
toward Negroes, 27;
the question of fugitives in, 27;
measures unfavorable to colored people, 28;
progress of the Negroes of, 29
Diggs, Judson, betrayed the fugitives of the Pearl, 247
Don Quixote, quoted, 43
Dorsey, Thomas, opposed colonization, 282
Dotty, Duane, Miss Fannie M. Richards's first superintendent of
schools, 31
Douglass, Frederick,
opposed to colonization, 295;
controversy of, with the National Council, 300
Dove, Dr., owner of James Derham, 103
Dow, Lorenzo,
journeys of, 266;
writings of, discussed, 271;
attitude of, toward slavery, 273
Drayton, Daniel, in charge of the Pearl, 245
Drummond, Henry, quoted, 42
Du Bois, The Negro of, reviewed, 217
Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, People of Color in Louisiana of, 361
Dunmore, Lord, issued proclamation of freedom to loyal Negroes, 115
Dyson, Walter,
review of, of Ellis's Negro
Culture in West Africa, 95;
of Gouldtown, 221

East, the attitude of, toward the West, 119
Edmondson children, the, 243; family tree of, 261
Edmondson, Hamilton, sold in New Orleans, 253
Edmondson, Richard, heroic efforts of, 248
Edmondson, Samuel, married Delia Taylor, 256
Education of the Negroes in Cincinnati, 6, 10
Education, The, of the Negro Prior to 1861, reviewed, 96
Edwards, Mrs., taught Negroes in South Carolina, 350-351
Effect of slaveholding in Louisiana, 368
Eighteenth Century Slaves as advertised by their Masters, 163
Ellis, Geo. W., Negro Culture in West Africa of, reviewed, 95
Emancipating Baptists in Kentucky, 143
Emancipation, the, and the arming of slaves, urged, 119
English, Chester, sailor on the Pearl, 246
Enlisting Negroes in the American Revolution, 112, 113, 114;
considered by a council of war, 114;
urged and allowed, 117
Ermana, a slave owned by her husband, 241
Erroneous opinions concerning the Negro, 34
Essadi Abdurrahman, a writer of the Sudan, 41
Essays on Negro slavery, 49, 54
Established Church of England, the ministrations of, 349
Ethiopia, ruled Egypt, 37
Evans, M. S., Black and White in Southern States of, reviewed, 437

Fausett, Jessie, review of,
of T. G. Steward's Haitian
Revolution, 93;
of A. H. Abel's The Slaveholding Indians, 339
Ferguson, Joseph, a physician, 103
Fleet, Dr., educated in Washington, 105
Fleetwood, Bishop, urged the proselyting of Negroes, 350
Foote, John P., his opinion of Negroes, 19
Foote, Senator, effect of the speech of, at the Louis-Phillipe
celebration, 245
Foster, James, opposed to colonization, 290
Free Negroes,
power of, to manumit limited, 241-242;
transplanted to free soil, 302;
litigation concerning, in Louisiana, 368;
aristocracy of, 395
Free Soilers attacked "Black Laws" of Ohio, 16
Freedman, a rich one of Guatemala, 395
Freedom in a Free State, 311
"Friends of Humanity" organized in Kentucky, 144
Frink, Rev. Mr., toiled among Negroes of Augusta, 354
Fugitives,
going to the Northwest Territory, 1;
from British territory to Michigan, 27
Fugitives of the Pearl, The, 243
Fuller, Betsey, owned her husband, 241

Gage, Thomas, quoted, on Negroes in Guatemala, 392-398
Gaines, John L., secured writ to obtain fund for colored schools, 17
Galvez, Governor of Louisiana, who employed Negro troops, 374
Garden, Commissary, opened a colored school in Charleston, 352
Garrison, Wm. L., effects of the radicalism of, 146
Gazzan, Dr. Joseph, teacher of M. R. Delany, 106
Gens de couleur libres, 365-366
George, James Z., The. Political History of Slavery of, reviewed, 340
Georgia,
rise and progress of Negro Churches, 69;
Negroes with the British in, 116, 117;
Reconstruction in Georgia, reviewed, 343;
missionary work in, 354
Germans,
crowded the Negroes out in Cincinnati, 5;
in Appalachian America, 133-134
Gibson, Bishop, address of, in behalf of Negroes, 352
Giddings, Joshua, motion for an inquiry into the detention of fugitives,
250-251
Gilmore High School founded, 19
Goldsmith, Samuel, deposition of, 234
Gordon, Robert, a successful business man, 21-22
Gordon, Virginia Ann, daughter and heir of Robert Gordon, 22
Graydon, referred to Negro troops, 129
Greeks, acquainted with Ethiopia, 39
Greene, General, learned that the British would enlist Negroes, 115
Grimké, Thomas, letter of, referred to, 281
Gromes, Frank, purchased his relatives, 239
Guy, Rev. Mr., baptized Negroes in South Carolina, 352

Haigue, Mrs., taught Negroes in South Carolina, 351
Haitian Revolution, The, reviewed, 93
Hale, Senator, offered resolutions concerning the fugitives of the Pearl,
251
Hall, Rev. C., admitted Negroes to his church in North Carolina, 353
Hamilton, Alexander,
urged the emancipation and arming of slaves, 118;
letter of, on conditions in South Carolina, 121
Hancock, John, member of the committee that opposed the enlistment of
Negroes,--
Hanson, Roger W., went with the
South, 390
Harlan, J. M., Constitutional Doctrines of, reviewed, 342
Harlan, Robert, once a man of considerable wealth, 20
Harris, Dr., opinion of, of Negro troops, 128
Harry, one of the first Negro teachers in America, 352
Hartford, anti-slavery meeting at, 286
Hartgrove, W. B., The Negro Soldier in the American Revolution of, 110
Hawkins, Peter, emancipated slaves, 240
Healing art among Negroes, 101-102
Henrico County, Virginia, records, 237
Henry, H. M., Police Control of the Slave in South Carolina of, reviewed,
219
Henry, Patrick, influence of, in the uplands, 138
Hildreth, Richard, offered Daniel Drayton aid, 251
Hill, James H., statement of, 239
Historic Background of the Negro Physician, 99
Holly, James Theodore, position on African colonization, 300
Honyman, Rev. Mr., had Negroes in his congregation, 360
Hopkins, Samuel, urged the emancipation and arming of slaves, 118
How the Public received the Journal of Negro History, 225
Howe, Samuel, offered aid to Daniel Drayton, 251
Hubbard, Dr., a friend of Negro education, 107
Huddlestone, Rev. Mr., a successor of Neau, 358
Humboldt, Alex. Von, Observations on Negroes, 393
Hunt, Rev. Mr., had a Negro under probation, 352
Huntsville, Alabama, Negroes of, for colonization, 282
Husting Court of Richmond, a lawsuit in, to obtain freedom, 238

Iben Khaldun, a writer of Arabia, quoted, 39
Illinois, attitude of Negroes in, toward colonization, 300
Immigration of Negroes into Ohio, 2, 4; opposition to, aroused, 4
Impressions of an English traveler, 404
Indiana,
Negroes took up land in, 8;
attitude of Negroes of, toward African colonization, 300
Insurrections in Louisiana, 370, 376
Irish,
crowded out the Negroes of Cincinnati, 5;
the Scotch-Irish in the West, 133, 135
Iron first smelted by Negroes, 36-37

Jackson, George W., manager of Robert Gordon's estate, 22
Jacob, R. T., offered resolutions for mediatorial neutrality, 384
Jefferson County, Ohio, free Negroes of, 304
Jefferson, Thomas, influence of, on frontier, 138
Jenny, Dr., worked among Negroes, 355
Johnson, Anthony, a Negro owning slaves, 234-236
Johnson, Jerome A., remembered Judson Diggs, 247
Johnson, Rev. Mr., baptized Negroes at Stratford, 359
Jones, Absalom,
letter of, --;
mentioned by Dow, 274;
opposed colonization, 277
Jones, David A., deposition of, 238-239
Jones, S. Wesley, letter of, quoted, 281

Kearsley, John, master of James Derham, 103
Kemps Landing, Negroes in battle of, 115
Kench, Thomas, wanted Negroes in separate regiments, 120
Kentucky,
"Emancipating Baptists" of, 143
anti-slavery Presbyterians in, 143
neutrality of, 383
dangerous policy of, 385
Knight and Bell, Negro contractors in Cincinnati, 20
Kunst. J., Notes on the Negroes in Guatemala in the Seventeenth
Century, 392

Lannon, W. D., joined the Confederates, 390
Laurens, John, urged the arming of slaves, 118
Law, John, schemes of, 362-363
Lawrence County, Ohio, Negroes in, 4, 306
Lawrence, Samuel, Negroes under, behaved well, 112, 113
Lecky, tribute of, to Negro troops, 129
Lees, migrated to Detroit, 24, 26
Leile, George, letters of, 80, 81, 84
Lemoyne, Dr. Francis J., teacher of M. R. Delany, 106
Letters on slavery by a Negro, 60;
letters showing the rise and progress of Negro Churches in Georgia
and the West Indies, 69
Lewiston, Pennsylvania, anti-colonization meeting of, 287
Liberia, the Republic of, discussed, 313
Lincoln, a desire of, for the support of Kentucky, 377, 384
Lindsay, Rev. Mr., baptized Negroes in New Jersey, 355
Locke, Rev. Richard, baptized Negroes in Pennsylvania, 355
Longworth, Nicholas, aided colored schools of Cincinnati, 19
Louis-Philippe, the expulsion of, celebrated in Washington, 244
Louisiana,
prostration of, 374-375;
relieved somewhat by Negro refugees, 375
Lowth, Bishop, urged the conversion of Negroes, 350
Lundy, Benjamin, work of, in Tennessee, 145
Lutherans, in the West, 134
Lyell, Sir Charles, on the Negroes of Cincinnati, 18
Lyme, anti-colonization meeting of, 286

Madison, James, urged the emancipation and arming of slaves, 118
Magoffin, Governor, tried to aid the Secessionists in Kentucky, 382
Mann, Horace, offered to aid Daniel Drayton, 251
Manumission Society of Tennessee, 145
Marshall, Abraham, letters of, 77, 78, 85
Marshall, Humphrey, views of, 377, 384
Maryland, the enlistment of Negroes in, 120
Maryville, Tennessee, favorable to Negroes, 147-149
Massachusetts, arming the slaves in, 120
May, Samuel, helped to furnish defense for Daniel Drayton, 251
McSparran, conducted a class of Negroes, 359
Mehlinger, Louis R., The Attitude of the Free
Negro toward African Colonization of, 276
Mennonites in the West, 134
Mercer County, Ohio, Negroes in, 9, 306
Middletown, anti-colonization meeting at, 286
Migration of Negroes,
West Indian, 370-371;
to the Northwest Territory, 1
Miller, Kelly, The Historic Background of the Negro Physician, 99
Monmouth, Negroes in the battle of, 129
Moore, Edwin, father of Maria Louise Moore, 23
Moore, Maria Louise, her struggles and triumphs, 23
Moral Religious Manumission Society of West Tennessee, 145
Moravians, in the mountains, 134
Morris, Robert, Jr., offered to aid Daniel Drayton, 251
Mountaineers,
attitude of, toward slavery, 147;
their efforts to elevate the slaves, 148, 149, 150;
supported the Union, 149, 150;
aided the Underground Railroad, 146;
attitude of, toward the American Colonization Society, 146
Mulatto corsair, a, 397
Mundin, William, declaration of, 238

Nantucket, anti-colonization meeting at, 288
Natchez, Negroes captured by, 370
National Council, 299-300
Neau, Elias,
work of, 356-358;
supposed connection with Negro riot, 357
Negro,
The, in American History, reviewed, 94;
Negro Culture in West Africa, reviewed, 95;
Negro Soldiers in the American Revolution, 110;
What the Negro was thinking in the Eighteenth
Century, 49
Negroes,
contribution of, to civilization, 36;
Notes on the Negroes of Guatemala in the Seventeenth
Century, 392
Neill, Rev. Mr., preached to Negroes at Dover, 355
Neutrality in Kentucky, 383, 385;
became dangerous policy, 385;
abandoned, 389
New Bedford, anti-colonization meeting at, 293
New England, work among Negroes of, 359
New Hampshire, the enlistment of Negroes in, 120
New Jersey, teaching Negroes in, 355
New York,
the enlistment of Negroes in, 120;
instruction of Negroes in, 356;
anti-colonization meetings of, 285, 288, 289
Newman, Rev. Mr., worked among Negroes, 353
North Carolina, slavery in, 142
Northampton County, Virginia, records of black masters, 237

Ohio, Negroes owned land in, 8-9;
"Black Laws" of, 4;
Law of 1849, 12;
Negroes transplanted to, 302;
protest against, 308;
Negroes an issue in the Constitutional Convention of, 4
Ordinance of 1787, interpretation of, 377
"Othello," letters of, on slavery, 49-60
Otis, James, influence of, in the uplands, 138

Palomeque, a hard master, 396
Parham, William, a teacher of Negroes, 19
Park, Dr. R. E., review of Race Orthodoxy of, 439
Patoulet, M., decision of, 366
Patterson, Senator, speech at Louis-Philippe celebration, 245
Payne, Daniel A., on colonization, 296
Pearl, The Fugitives of, 246
Pelhams moved to Detroit, 26, 29
Pennington, J. W. C., opposed colonization, 293
People of Color in Louisiana, 361
Perier, Governor,
fought Indians with Negroes 368, 369;
tribute to Negroes
Philadelphia,
anti-colonization meetings of, 277, 279;
Convention of Free People of Color at, 290, 291
Philanthropist, The, office of, destroyed, 8
Physicians, Negro, the number of, 107
Piatt, James W., efforts with Cincinnati mob, 14
Pittsburgh, anti-colonization meetings of, 287, 292
Pittsylvania County, Virginia, Negroes from, 4
Point Bridge, Negro soldiers behaved well at battle of, 129
Political History of Slavery, The, by James Z. George, reviewed, 340
Political theories of Appalachian America, discussed, 129
Polk, invaded Kentucky, 390
Prejudice against the colored people in Cincinnati, 12-13
Presbyterians, anti-slavery, in Kentucky, 143
Pressly, J., a colored photographer, 20
Prince William County, Virginia, a Negro of, owned his family, 241
Professions, Negroes in, 99-101
Protests against African colonization, 277-296
Providence, anti-colonization meeting of, 293
Pugh, Rev. Mr., baptized Negroes in Pennsylvania, 355
Puritan, attitude of, toward Negro, 359
Purvis, Dr. Charles B., a Negro surgeon in the Civil War, 107

Quakers,
interested in colonizing Negroes in the
Northwest, 3;
work of, among Negroes of Appalachian America, 133, 134
Quickly, Mary, owner of slaves, 238

Race Orthodoxy in the South, reviewed, 447
Racial characteristics on the frontier, 135
Racial elements in Appalachian America, 133
Radford, James, sold a Negro, 238
Radford, George, purchased a Negro woman, 238
Ramsey's estimate of Negroes lost to British, 116
Randolph, John, the slaves of, sent to Ohio, 308, 310, 311, 312
Ransford, Rev. Mr., baptized Negroes in North Carolina, 353
Redpath, James, appointed commissioner of emigration of Haiti, 300
Richards, Adolph,
came to Fredericksburg for his health, 23;
married Maria Louise Moore, 23
Richards, Fannie M.,
studied in Toronto, 30;
taught in Detroit, 31
Richmond, meeting of, to denounce the American Colonization Society, 277
Rider, Sidney, opinion of the services of Negro troops, 128
Ripley, Dorothy, letters received, 436
Riots,
in Cincinnati, in 1836, 8;
in 1841, 13-16;
in New York, 357
Robert, M., decision of, with reference to Negroes, 366
Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, "l'esclavage" of, 430
Rochester, anti-colonization meeting of, 293
Roman, C. V., The American Civilization of, reviewed, 218
Ross, Rev. G., commended Mr. Yeates for work among Negroes, 354, 355
Rumford, Rev. Mr., baptized Negroes, 353
Rush, Benjamin, talks with James Derham, 103
Rutledge, Governor, freed a slave for his valor in battle, 129
Ryall, Anne, teacher in Cincinnati, 19

St. John de Crèvecoeur, observations of, 404
Salem, Peter, killed Major Pitcairn, 112
Sanderson, Bishop, urged the instruction of Negroes, 350
Sankore, the university of, 40
Savannah, a freedman of, favored colonization, 280
Sayers, Captain, owner of the Pearl, 246
Sayers, W. Berwick, Samuel Coleridge-Taylorof, reviewed, 438
Sayre, Rev. J., instructed Negroes, 358
Schoepf, Johann D., impressions of, 405
Schuyler, M., opposed the instruction of Negroes, 359
Secession in Kentucky, 377, 378, 385, 389, 390
Secker, Bishop, appeal in behalf of the enlightenment of Negroes, 352
Seward, W. H., offered to aid in defending Daniel Drayton, 251
Sewell, Samuel, endeavored to aid Daniel Drayton when accused, 251
Shelby County, Ohio, Negroes in, 309
Shelton, Rev. Wallace, a preacher of Cincinnati, 20
Simon, a Negro officer in Louisiana, 391
Simon, the Negro doctor, 102
Simpson, Henry, a preacher in Ohio, 20
Slaveholding Indians, The, reviewed, 339
Slavery,
in North Carolina, 142;
in Western Virginia, 142;
in Tennessee, 143;
in Kentucky, 144
Slaves of the 18th century,
learning a modern language, 164;
learning to read and write, 175;
educated ones, 185;
in good circumstances, 189;
brought from the West Indies, 191;
various kinds of servants, 194;
relations between the Negroes and the British during the
Revolution, 200;
relations between the blacks and the French, 201;
colored Methodist preachers among the slaves, 202;
slaves in other professions, 205;
close relations of the slaves and indentured servants, 206
Smith, Dr. James McCune,
physician in New York, 104;
opposed to colonization, 293
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,
organized, 349
work of, 350
Songhay, empire of, discussed, 41
South Carolina,
the enlistment of Negroes in, 122;
Hamilton's letter on, 121-122;
resolutions of Congress concerning, 123-124;
efforts to instruct Negroes of, 350-352
Spaniards, attitude of, toward slavery, 361
Stafford, A. O., African Proverbs and Antar of, 42, 151
Stephenson, John W., views of, 378
Steward, T. G.,
The Haitian Revolution of, reviewed, 93;
Gouldtown of, reviewed, 221
Steward, Rev. Mr., found a colored school in North Carolina, 354
Story
of a Negro cook, 372
of a Negro blacksmith, 372
Stoupe, Rev. Mr., instructed Negroes in New Rochelle, 358
Stowe, H. B., inquiry of, 295
Sturgeon, Rev. W., taught Negroes in Philadelphia, 355
Sudan, the kingdoms of, 37
Sumner, Alphonso, on African colonization, 297
Sutcliff, Robert, observations of, 434
Swigle, Thomas Nichols, the letters of, 85, 88

Taylor, Dr., educated in Washington, 105
Taylor, Mr. Charles, instructed blacks in New York, 358
Taylor, Rev. E.,
a missionary in
South Carolina, 351;
report of, 351

Taylor, Samuel Coleridge-, Life of, reviewed, 446
Tennessee, Manumission Society of, 144;
Moral Religious Manumission Society of West Tennessee, 144
Thomas, General, urged the enlistment of Negro troops, 117, 129
Thomas, Rev. Mr., taught Negroes in South Carolina, 350
Thompson, C. M., Reconstruction in Georgia of, reviewed, 343
Tilley, Virginia C., a teacher, 19
Timbuctoo, the university of, 40
Trades Unions against Negroes, 12
Traveler's Impressions of Slavery in America from 1750 to 1800, 399
Trenton, anti-colonization meeting, 288
Typical Colonization Convention, A, 318

Underground Railroad, in the mountains, 146
Union cause in Kentucky, the, 380, 391
Usher, Rev. J., mentioned Negroes desiring baptism, 359

Vandroffen, Petrus, opposed the education of Negroes, 359
Vesey, Rev. Mr., interested in the Negroes of New York, 356
Vindication of Negroes, 408
Virginia, laws of, to prohibit the education of Negroes, 119;
slavery in the western part of, 142;
colored freemen as slave owners in, 233

Wansey, Henry, on slavery, 427
Warden, D. B., observations of, 3
Warren, John, a preacher in Ohio, 8
Washington, Augustus, attitude of, toward emigration, 297
Washington, Booker T., note on, 98
Washington, George, on the enlistment of Negroes, 113, 115, 125
Wattles, Augustus, induced Negroes to go to Ohio, 8
Webster, Daniel, petition of, 241
Weld, Isaac, observations of, 432
West, Dr., master of James Derham, 103
West Indian migration, 370, 371
West, Reuben, a black master, 239
Whigs attacked "Black Laws" of Ohio, 16
Whitbeck, teacher of a colored school in Detroit, 31
White, Dr. Thomas J., student at Bowdoin, 105
Whitfield, James, defended the National Council, 300
Whitmore, Rev. Mr., taught Negroes in New York, 358
Wilcox, Samuel T., a wealthy Negro of Cincinnati, 20
Wilkins, Charles T., testimonial of, 32
Wilkins, William D., assisted Miss Fannie M. Richards, 31
Williams, Rev. Peter, troubles of, in New York, 288
Wilmington, anti-colonization meeting at, 284
Wilson, Bishop, urged the instruction of Negroes, 352
Wing, Mr., taught Negroes in Cincinnati, 7
Wood, Jannette, manumitted by her mother, 240
Woodson, C. G., The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861, reviewed, 96;
Freedom and Slavery in Appalachian America, 132
Wright, Theodore, antagonistic to colonization, 294

Yeates, Rev. Mr., endeavored to instruct Negroes, 354

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOLUME II. 1917

CONTENTS

VOLUME II. 1917— NO. 2

Slavery and the Slave Trade in Africa | Jerome Dowd

The
Negro in the Field of Invention

Henry E. Baker

Anthony
Benezet

C. G. Woodson

People of Color in Louisiana - Part II | Alice Dunbar-Nelson
Notes on Connecticut as a Slave State |
Documents |
Letters of Anthony Benezet |
Reviews of Books |
Notes |

VOL II—APRIL, 1917—NO. 2

Evolution of Slave Status in American Democracy - I | John M. Mecklin

John
Woolman's Efforts in Behalf of Freedom

G. David Houston

The
Tarik É Soudan

A. O. Stafford

From a Jamaica Portfolio | T. H. MacDermot
Notes on the Nomolis of Sherbroland | Walter L. Edwin
Documents |
Observations on the Negroes of Louisiana |

The
Conditions against which Woolman and Anthony Benezet Inveighted

Book
Reviews

Notes |

Vol II—JULY, 1917—NO. 3

Formation of American Colonization Society | Henry Noble Sherwood, Ph.D
Evolution of Slave Status in American Democracy - II | John M. Mecklin
History of High School for Negroes in Washington | Mary Church Terrell

The
Danish West Indies

Leila Amos Pendleton

Documents |
Relating to the Danish West Indies |
Reviews of Books |
Notes |

African
Origin of Grecian Civilization

VOL. II—OCTOBER, 1917—No. 4

Some
Historical Errors of James Ford Rhodes

John R. Lynch

The
Struggle of Haiti and Liberia for Recognition

Charles H. Wesley

Three
Negro Poets

Benjamin Brawley

Catholics and the Negro | Joseph Butsch
Documents |
Letters of George Washington Bearing on the Negro |
Petition for Compensation for the Loss of Slaves |

An
Extract from the Will of Robert Pleasants

Proceedings of a Reconstruction Meeting |
Reviews of Books |
Notes |

The
First Biennial Meeting of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History at Washington

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOLUME III. 1918

CONTENTS

VOL. III.-JANUARY, 1918-NO. 1

The
Story of Josiah Henson

W. B. Hartgrove

Elizabeth
Barrett Browning and the Negro

Benjamin Brawley

Palmares:
The Negro Numantia

Charles E. Chapman

Slavery in California | Delilah L. Beasley
Documents

California
Freedom Papers

Thomas
Jefferson's Thoughts on the Negro

Some
Undistinguished Negroes

Book
Reviews

Notes

VOL. III.-APRIL, 1918-NO. 2

Benjamin
Banneker

Henry E. Baker

George
Liele and Andrew Bryan

John W. Davis

Fifty
Years of Howard University - Part I

Dwight O. W. Holmes

Historical
Errors of James Ford Rhodes

John R. Lynch

Documents
Letters of Governor Edward Coles

Some
Undistinguished Negroes

Book
Reviews

Notes

VOL. III,-JULY, 1918-NO. 3

Slavery in Kentucky | Ivan E. McDougle

Book
Reviews

Notes

VOL. III.-OCTOBER, 1918-NO. 4

Beginnings of Miscegenation of Whites and Blacks | Carter G. Woodson

Gerrit
Smith's Effort in Behalf of Negroes

Zita Dyson

The
Buxton Settlement in Canada

Fred Landon

Fifty
Years of Howard University - Part II

Dwight O. W. Holmes

Documents

What the Framers of the Federal Constitution
Thought of the
Negro

Some
Undistinguished Negroes

Book
Reviews

Notes

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOLUME IV. 1919

CONTENTS

VOL. IV.-JANUARY, 1919-NO. 1

Primitive
Law and the Negro

Roland G. Usher

Lincoln's
Plan for Colonizing Negroes

Charles H. Wesley

Lemuel
Haynes

W. H. Morse

The
Anti-Slavery Society of Canada

Fred Landon

Documents

Benjamin
Franklin and Freedom

Proceedings of a Mississippi Migration Convention in 1879
How the Negroes were Duped
Remarks on this Exodus by Federick Douglass

The
Senate Report on the Exodus of 1879

Some
Undistinguished Negroes

Book
Reviews

Notes

VOL. IV.-APRIL, 1919-NO. 2

The
Conflict and Fusion of Cultures

Robert E. Park

The
Company of Royal Adventurers

George F. Zook

Book
Reviews

Notes

VOL. IV.-JULY, 1919-NO. 3

Negroes in the Confederate Army | Charles H. Wesley

Legal
Status of Negroes in Tennessee

William Lloyd Imes

Negro
Life and History in our Schools

C. G. Woodson

Grégoire's
Sketch of Angelo Solimann

F. Harrison Hough

Documents
Letters of Negro Migrants of 1916-1918

Book
Reviews

Notes

VOL. IV.-OCTOBER, 1919-NO. 4

Labor
Conditions in Jamaica Prior to 1917

E. Ethelred Brown

The
Life of Charles B. Ray

M. N. Work

The
Slave in Upper Canada

W. R. Riddell

Documents
Notes on Slavery in Canada

Additional
Letters of Negro Migrants of 1916-1918

Book
Reviews

Notes

Biennial
Meeting of Association

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOLUME V. 1920

CONTENTS

VOL. V.-JANUARY, 1920-NO. 1

The
Negro In Education

Loretta Funke

Negro
Migration to Canada

Fred Landon

Richard
Hill

Frank Cundall

Negroes and Indians in Massachusetts | C. G. Woodson
Documents |

Book
Reviews

Notes |

VOL. V.-APRIL, 1920-NO. 2

Negro
Public School System in Missouri

Henry Sullivan Williams

Religious
Education

David Henry Sims

Aftermath of Nat Turner's Insurrection | John W. Cromwell
Documents |
Correspondence |

Book
Reviews

Notes |

VOL. V.-JULY, 1920-NO. 3

The
Slave in Canada

William Renwick Riddell

Book
Reviews

Notes |

VOL. V.-OCTOBER, 1920-NO. 4

The
Return of Negro Slaves

Arnett G. Lindsay

The
Negro in Politics

Norman P. Andrews

Henry
Bibb, a Colonizer

Fred Landon

Myrtilla
Miner

G. Smith Wormley

Communications |
Documents |

Some
Undistinguished Negroes

Book
Reviews

Notes |

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD FROM SLAVERY TO FREEDOM

A COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY

By Wilbur H. Siebert

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I
Sources of the History of the Underground Railroad
| PAGE
The Underground Road as a subject for research | 1
Obscurity of the subject | 2
Books dealing with the subject | 2
Magazine articles on the Underground Railroad | 5
Newspaper articles on the subject | 6
Scarcity of contemporaneous documents | 7
Reminiscences the chief source | 11
The value of reminiscences illustrated | 12
CHAPTER II
Origin and Growth of the Underground Road
Conditions under which the Underground Road originated | 17
The disappearance of slavery from the Northern states | 17
Early provisions for the return of fugitive slaves | 19
The fugitive slave clause in the Ordinance of 1787 | 20
The fugitive slave clause in the United States Constitution | 20
The Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 | 21
The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 | 22
Desire for freedom among the slaves | 25
Knowledge of Canada among the slaves | 27
Some local factors in the origin of the underground movement | 30

The development of the movement in eastern Pennsylvania, in New
Jersey, and in New York

33

The development of the movement in the New England states | 36
The development of the movement in the West | 37
The naming of the Road | 44

CHAPTER
III

The Methods of the Underground Railroad
Penalties for aiding fugitive slaves | 47
Social contempt suffered by abolitionists | 48
Espionage practised upon abolitionists | 50
Rewards for the capture of fugitives and the kidnapping of abolitionists | 52
Devices to secure secrecy | 54
Service at night | 54
Methods of communication | 56
Methods of conveyance | 59
Zigzag and variable routes | 61
Places of concealment | 62
Disguises | 64
Informality of management | 67
Colored and white agents | 69
City vigilance committees | 70
Supplies for fugitives | 76
Transportation of fugitives by rail | 78
Transportation of fugitives by water | 81
Rescue of fugitives under arrest | 83
CHAPTER IV
Underground Agents, Station-Keepers, or Conductors
Underground agents, station-keepers, or conductors | 87
Their hospitality | 87
Their principles | 89
Their nationality | 90
Their church connections | 93
Their party affinities | 99
Their local standing | 101
Prosecutions of underground operators | 101
Defensive League of Freedom proposed | 103
Persons of prominence among underground helpers | 104

CHAPTER
V

Study of the Map of the Underground Railroad
System

Geographical extent of underground lines | 113
Location and distribution of stations | 114
Southern routes | 116
Lines of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York | 120
Routes of the New England states | 128
Lines within the old Northwest Territory | 134
Noteworthy features of the general map | 139
Complex routes | 141
Broken lines and isolated place names | 141
River routes | 142
Routes by rail | 142
Routes by sea | 144
Terminal stations | 145
Lines of lake travel | 147
Canadian ports | 148
CHAPTER VI
Abduction of Slaves from the South
Aversion among underground helpers to abduction of slaves | 150
Abductions by negroes living along the northern border of the slave states | 151
Abductions by Canadian refugees | 152
Abductions by white persons in the South | 153
Abductions by white persons of the North | 154
The Missouri raid of John Brown | 162
John Brown's great plan | 166
Abductions attempted in response to appeals | 168
Devotees of abduction | 178
CHAPTER VII
Life of the Colored Refugees in Canada
Slavery question in Canada | 190
Flight of slaves to Canada | 192
Refugees representative of the slave class | 195
Misinformation about Canada among slaves | 197
Hardships borne by Canadian refugees | 198
Efforts toward immediate relief for fugitives | 199
Attitude of the Canadian government | 201
Conditions favorable to their settlement in Canada | 203
Sparseness of population | 203
Uncleared lands | 204
Encouragement of agricultural colonies among refugees | 205
Dawn Settlement | 205
Elgin Settlement | 207
Refugees' Home Settlement | 209
Alleged disadvantages of the colonies | 211
Their advantages | 212
Refugee settlers in Canadian towns | 217
Census of Canadian refugees | 220
Occupations of Canadian refugees | 223
Progress made by Canadian refugees | 224
Domestic life of the refugees | 227
School privileges | 228
Organizations for self-improvement | 230
Churches | 231
Rescue of friends from slavery | 231
Ownership of property | 232
Rights of citizenship | 233
Character as citizens | 233
CHAPTER VIII
Fugitive Settlers in the Northern States
Number of fugitive settlers in the North | 235
The Northern states an unsafe refuge for runaway slaves | 237
Reclamation of fugitives in the free states | 239
Protection of fugitives in the free states | 242
Object of the personal liberty laws | 245
Effect of the law of 1850 on fugitive settlers | 246
Underground operators among fugitives of the free states | 251

CHAPTER
IX

Prosecutions of Underground Railroad Men
Enactment of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 | 254
Grounds on which the constitutionality of the measure was questioned | 254
Denial of trial by jury to the fugitive slave | 255
Summary mode of arrest | 257
The question of concurrent jurisdiction between the federal and state governments in fugitive slave cases | 259
The law of 1793 versus the Ordinance of 1787 | 261
Power of Congress to legislate concerning the extradition of fugitive slaves denied | 263
State officers relieved of the execution of the law by the Prigg decision, 1842 | 264
Amendment of the law of 1793 by the law of 1850 | 265
Constitutionality of the law of 1850 questioned | 267
First case under the law of 1850 | 268
Authority of a United States commissioner | 269
Penalties imposed for aiding and abetting the escape of fugitives | 273
Trial on the charge of treason in the Christiana case, 1854 | 279
Counsel for fugitive slaves | 281
Last case under the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 | 285
Attempted revision of the law | 285
Destructive attacks upon the measure in Congress | 286
Lincoln's Proclamation of Emancipation | 287
Repeal of the Fugitive Slave Acts | 288
CHAPTER X
The Underground Railroad in Politics
Valuation of the Underground Railroad in its political aspect | 290
The question of the extradition of fugitive slaves in colonial times | 290
Importance of the question in the constitutional conventions | 293
Failure of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 | 294
Agitation for a more efficient measure | 295

Diplomatic negotiations for the extradition of colored refugees from
Canada, 1826-1828

299

The fugitive slave a missionary in the cause of freedom | 300
Slave-hunting in the free states | 302
Preparation for the abolition movement of 1830 | 303
The Underground Railroad and the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 | 308
The law in Congress | 310
The enforcement of the law of 1850 | 316
The Underground Road and Uncle Tom's Cabin | 321
Political importance of the novel | 323
Sumner on the influence of escaped slaves in the North | 324
The spirit of nullification in the North | 327
The Glover rescue, Wisconsin, 1854 | 327
The rendition of Burns, Boston, 1854 | 331
The rescue of Addison White, Mechanicsburg, Ohio, 1857 | 334
The Oberlin-Wellington rescue, 1858 | 335
Obstruction of the Fugitive Slave Law by means of the personal liberty acts | 337
John Brown's attempt Lo free the slaves | 338
CHAPTER XI
Effect of the Underground Railroad
The Underground Road the means of relieving the South of many despairing slaves | 340
Loss sustained by slave-owners through underground channels | 340
The United States census reports on fugitive slaves | 342
Estimate of the number of slaves escaping into Ohio, 1830-1860 | 346
Similar estimate for Philadelphia, 1830-1860 | 346
Drain on the resources of the depot at Lawrence, Kansas, described in a letter of Col. J. Bowles, April 4, 1859 | 347

Work of the Underground Railroad as compared with that of the American
Colonization Society

350

The violation of the Fugitive Slave Law a chief complaint of Southern states at the beginning of the Civil War | 351

Refusal of the Canadian government to yield up the fugitive Anderson,
1860

352

Secession of the Southern states begun | 353
Conclusion of the fugitive slave controversy | 355
General effect and significance of the controversy | 356

ILLUSTRATIONS, PORTRAITS, FACSIMILES AND MAPS

The Underground Railroad: Levi Coffin receiving a company of fugitives in the outskirts of Cincinnati, Ohio | Frontispiece
| FACING PAGE
Isaac T. Hopper | 17
The Runaway: a stereotype cut used on handbills advertising escaped slaves | 27
Crossing-place on the Ohio River at Steubenville, Ohio | 47
The Rankin House, Ripley, Ohio | 47
Facsimile of an Underground Message | On page 57
Barn of Seymour Finney, Detroit, Michigan | 65
The Old First Church, Galesburg, Illinois | 65
William Still | 75
Levi Coffin | 87
Frederick Douglass | 104
Caves in Salem Township, Washington County, Ohio | 130
House of Mrs. Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Valley Falls, Rhode Island | 130
The Detroit River at Detroit, Michigan | 147
Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio | 147
Ellen Craft as she escaped from Slavery | 163
Samuel Harper and Wife | 163
Dr. Alexander M. Ross | 180
Harriet Tubman | 180
Group of Refugee Settlers at Windsor, Ontario, C.W. | 190
Theodore Parker | 205
Thomas Wentworth Higginson | 205
Dr. Samuel G. Howe | 205
Benjamin Drew | 205
Church of the Fugitive Slaves, Boston, Massachusetts | 235
Salmon P. Chase | 254

Thomas
Garrett

254

Rush R. Sloane | 282
Thaddeus Stevens | 282
J. R. Ware | 282
Rutherford B. Hayes | 282
Gerrit Smith | 290
Joshua R. Giddings | 290
Charles Sumner | 290
Richard H. Dana | 290
Bust of Rev. John Rankin | 307
Harriet Beecher Stowe | 321
Captain John Brown | 338
Facsimile of a Leaf from the Diary of Daniel Osborn | On pages 344, 345
MAPS
Map of the Underground Railroad System | Facing page 113
Map of Underground Lines in Southeastern Pennsylvania | "     113
Map of Underground Lines in Morgan County, Ohio | On page 136
Lewis Falley's Map of the Underground Routes of Indiana and Michigan | On page 138

Map of an Underground Line through Livingston and La Salle Counties,
Illinois

On page 139

Map of Underground Lines through Greene, Warren and Clinton Counties,
Ohio

On page 140

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Constitutional Provisions and
National Acts relative to Fugitive Slaves, 1787-1850

359-366

Appendix B: List of Important Fugitive
Slave Cases

367-377

Appendix C: Figures from the United States
Census Reports relating to Fugitive Slaves

378,
379

Appendix D: Bibliography | 380-402

Appendix E: Directory of the names of
Underground Railroad Operators and Members of Vigilance Committees

403-439

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

A RECORD OF FACTS, AUTHENTIC NARRATIVE, LETTERS, &C.,

By William Still

ILLUSTRATIONS

THE AUTHOR
PETER STILL—"THE KIDNAPPED AND THE RANSOMED"
CHARITY STILL TWICE ESCAPED FROM SLAVERY
DESPERATE CONFLICT IN A BARN
DEATH OF ROMULUS HALL
RESURRECTION OF HENRY BOX BROWN
RESCUE OF JANE JOHNSON AND HER CHILDREN
PASSMORE WILLIAMSON
JANE JOHNSON
ESCAPING FROM PORTSMOUTH, VA

TWENTY-EIGHT FUGITIVES ESCAPING FROM
EASTERN SHORE OF MARYLAND

ESCAPING FROM ALABAMA ON TOP OF A CAR
THE RIVER ON HORSEBACK IN THE NIGHT

A BOLD STROKE FOR FREEDOM—CONTEST
WITH FIRE-ARMS

ABRAM GALLOWAY

THE MAYOR AND POLICE OF NORFOLK SEARCHING CAPTAIN
FOUNTAIN'S SCHOONER

MARIA WEEMS ESCAPING AS JO WRIGHT
JOHN HENRY HILL
DRY-GOODS MERCHANT SEARCHING THE CARS

ESCAPE WITH A LADY, AS HER COACHMAN, WITH MASTER'S HORSE
AND CARRIAGE

SIX ON TWO HORSES
UP A TREE

SAMUEL GREEN SENTENCED TO THE PENITENTIARY FOR TEN YEARS
FOR HAVING A COPY OF "UNCLE TOM'S CABIN" IN HIS HOUSE

LEAR GREEN ESCAPING IN A CHEST
ESCAPE OF ELEVEN PASSENGERS FROM MARYLAND IN TWO CARRIAGES
THE CHRISTIANA TRAGEDY
WILLIAM AND ELLEN CRAFT
MEMBERS OF THE ACTING COMMITTEE:
N.W. DEPEE
JACOB C. WHITE
CHARLES WISE
EDWIN H. COATES
KNIFING HIS VICTIM
LIVING IN A HOLLOW TREE
IN A CAVE
A NARROW ESCAPE
SUSPENDED BY THE HANDS WITH BLOCK AND TACKLE
CROSSING THE BAY
BREAKING HIM IN
MOTHER ESCAPING WITH SEVEN CHILDREN
FIGHT IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
JOHN W. DUNGEE
MARY MILBURN (SECRETED IN A BOX)

HEAVY WEIGHTS—ARRIVAL OF A
PARTY AT LEAGUE ISLAND

SKETCHES AND PORTRAITS OF
STATION-MASTERS, PROMINENT ANTI-SLAVERY MEN, AND SUPPORTERS OF THE
U.G.R.R.:

ABIGAIL GOODWIN
THOMAS GARRETT
DANIEL GIBBONS
LUCRETIA MOTT
J. MILLER M'KIM
WILLIAM H. FURNESS
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON
LEWIS TAPPAN
ELIJAH F. PENNYPACKER
WILLIAM WRIGHT
DR. BARTHOLOMEW FUSSELL
ROBERT PURVIS
JOHN HUNN
SAMUEL RHOADS
WILLIAM WHIPPER
SAMUEL D. BURRIS
CHARLES D. CLEVELAND
GRACE ANNA LEWIS
MRS. FRANCES E.W. HARPER
JOHN NEEDLES

CONTENTS

SETH CONCKLIN

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD LETTERS.

From Thomas Garrett—G.A. Lewis—E.L. Stevens—Sydney Howard Gay—John Henry Hill—J. Bigelowe—Ham and Eggs—Rev. H. Wilson—Sheridan Ford—E.F. Pennypacker—J.C. Bustill—Slave secreted in Richmond—G.S. Nelson—John Thompson—Wm. Penn

WILLIAM BOX PEEL JONES

Came boxed up viâ Erricson line of Steamers.

WESLEY HARRIS ALIAS ROBERT JACKSON, CRAVEN MATTERSON AND
TWO BROTHERS.

CLARISSA DAVIS

Arrived in Male Attire.

ANTHONY BLOW ALIAS HENRY LEVISON

Secreted Ten Months—Eight days on the Steamship City of
Richmond bound for Philadelphia.

PERRY JOHNSON, OF ELKTON, MARYLAND.

Eye knocked Out.

ISAAC FORMAN, WILLIAM DAVIS AND WILLIS REDICK.

Hearts full of joy for Freedom—Very anxious for Wives in
Slavery.

JOSEPH HENRY CAMP

Sold, the day he escaped, for Fourteen Hundred Dollars—Slave
Trader loses his Bargain.

SHERIDAN FORD

Secreted in the Woods—Escapes in a Steamer.

JOSEPH KNEELAND ALIAS JOSEPH HULSON

Young Master had a "Malignant Spirit".

EX-PRESIDENT TYLER'S HOUSEHOLD LOSES AN ARISTOCRATIC
ARTICLE.

EDWARD MORGAN, HENRY JOHNSON, JAMES AND STEPHEN BUTLER.

"Two Thousand Dollars Reward" offered.

HENRY PREDO

Daniel Hughes, Thomas Elliott, and five others betrayed into Dover
Jail.

MARY EPPS ALIAS EMMA BROWN, JOSEPH AND ROBERT ROBINSON.

A Slave Mother Loses her Speech at the Sale of her Child ... Bob
Escapes from his Master, a Trader, with Fifteen Hundred Dollars in
North Carolina Money.

GEORGE SOLOMON, DANIEL NEALL, BENJAMIN R. FLETCHER AND MARIA DORSEY.

HENRY BOX BROWN

Arrived by Adams Express.

TRIAL OF THE EMANCIPATORS OF COL. J.H. WHEELER'S SLAVES,
JANE JOHNSON AND HER TWO LITTLE BOYS.

THE ARRIVALS OF A SINGLE MONTH.

Sixty Passengers came in one Month—Twenty-eight in one Arrival—Great
Panic and Indignation Meeting—Interesting Correspondence from
Masters and Fugitives.

A SLAVE GIRL'S NARRATIVE.

Cordelia Loney, Slave of Mrs. Joseph Cahell, (widow of the late Hon.
Joseph Cahell, of Virginia)—Cordelia's Escape from her
Mistress in Philadelphia.

ARRIVAL OF JACKSON, ISAAC AND EDMONDSON TURNER FROM
PETERSBURG.

Touching Scene on Meeting their Old Blind Father at the U.G.R.R.
Depot.

ROBERT BROWN ALIAS THOMAS JONES.

Crossing the River on Horseback in the Night.

ANTHONY LONEY ALIAS WILLIAM ARMSTEAD AND CORNELIUS SCOTT.
SAMUEL WILLIAMS ALIAS JOHN WILLIAMS.

BARNABY GRIGBY ALIAS JOHN BOYER, AND MARY ELIZABETH HIS WIFE, FRANK WANZER ALIAS ROBERT SCOTT, EMILY FOSTER ALIAS ANN WOOD.

WILLIAM JORDAN ALIAS WILLIAM PRICE.

JOSEPH GRANT AND JOHN SPEAKS.

Two Passengers viâ Liverpool.

WILLIAM N. TAYLOR.

"One Hundred Dollars Reward".

LOUISA BROWN, JACOB WATERS, AND ALFRED GOULDEN.

ARRIVAL FROM BALTIMORE.

Jefferson Pipkins alias David Jones, Louisa Pipkins, Elizabeth Brit,
Harriet Brown, alias Jane Wooton, Gracy Murry alias Sophia Sims,
Edward Williams alias Henry Johnson, Charles Lee alias Thomas
Bushier.

SEVERAL ARRIVALS FROM DIFFERENT PLACES.

Henry Anderson, Charles and Margaret Congo, Chaskey Brown, William Henry Washington, James Alfred Frisley, Charles Henry Salter, Stephen Taylor, Charles Brown, Charles H. Hollis, Luther Dorsey.

ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND.

Jeremiah W. Smith and wife Julia.

EIGHT ARRIVALS.

James Massey, Perry Henry Trusty, George Rhoads, James Rhoads, George Washington, Sarah Elizabeth Rhoads, and Child, Mary Elizabeth Stephenson.

CHARLES THOMPSON.

Carrier of "The National American".

BLOOD FLOWED FREELY.

Abram Galloway and Richard Eden—Secreted in a Vessel Loaded with Spirits of Turpentine—Shrouds Prepared to Prevent being
Smoked to Death—Abram a Soldier under Father Abraham—Senator of North Carolina.

JOHN PETTIFOOT.

"One Hundred Dollars Reward" Offered—McHenry and McCulloch
Anxious About John.

EMANUEL T. WHITE.

"Would rather Fight than Eat".

THE ESCAPE OF A CHILD FOURTEEN MONTHS OLD.

Letter from "J.B."—Letters from E.L. Stevens ... Great Anxiety and Care.

ESCAPE OF A YOUNG SLAVE MOTHER.

Baby, Little Girl and Husband left Behind—Three Hundred
Dollars Reward Offered.

SAMUEL W. JOHNSON.

Arrival from the Richmond Daily Dispatch Office—"Uncle Tom's
Cabin" turned Sam's Brain—Affecting Letters.

FAMILY FROM BALTIMORE.

Stephen Amos alias Henry Johnson, Harriet alias Mary
Jane Johnson, and their four children, Ann Rebecca, William H.,
Elizabeth and Mary Ellen.

ELIJAH HILTON.

From Richmond—"Five Hundred Dollars Reward" offered by R.J.
Christian.... Grateful letter from Canada.

SOLOMON BROWN.

Arrived per City of Richmond—Letter from Canada containing expressions of Gratitude.

WILLIAM HOGG ALIAS JOHN SMITH.

Traveler from Maryland—William was much troubled about his
Wife left behind—Letter from Canada.

TWO FEMALE PASSENGERS FROM MARYLAND.

Ann Johnson and Lavina Woolfley Sold—Out of the Frying Pan into the Fire.

CAPTAIN F. AND THE MAYOR OF NORFOLK.

Twenty-one Passengers secreted in Captain Fountain's Boat—Mayor and Posse of Officers on the Boat searching for U.G.R.R. Passengers.

ARRIVALS FROM DIFFERENT PLACES.

Matilda Mahoney—Dr. J.W. Pennington's Brother and Sons—Great Adventure to deliver a Lover.

FLEEING GIRL OF FIFTEEN IN MALE ATTIRE.

Ann Maria Weems alias Joe Wright—Great Triumph—Arrival on Thanksgiving Day—Interesting letters from J. Bigelow.

FIVE YEARS AND ONE MONTH SECRETED.

John Henry, Hezekiah and James Hill.

FROM VIRGINIA, MARYLAND AND DELAWARE.

Archer Barlow, alias Emet Robins—Samuel Bush alias William Oblebee—John Spencer and his son William and James Albert—Robert Fisher—NATHAN HARRIS—Hansel Waples—Rosanna Tonnell, alias Maria Hyde—Mary Ennis alias Licia Hemmit and two Children—Lydia and Louisa Caroline.

SAM, ISAAC, PERRY, CHARLES AND GREEN.

"One Thousand Dollars Reward".

FROM RICHMOND AND NORFOLK, VA.

William B. White, Susan Brooks, and Wm. Henry Atkinson.

FOUR ARRIVALS.

Charlotte and Harriet escape in deep Mourning—White Lady and Child with a Colored Coachman—Three likely Young Men from Baltimore—Four large and two Small Hams—U.G.R.R. Passengers
Travelling with their Master's Horses and Carriage—Six
Passengers on two Horses, &c.

FROM VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, DELAWARE, NORTH CAROLINA,
WASHINGTON, D.C. AND SOUTH CAROLINA.

CHARLES GILBERT,

Fleeing from Davis, a Negro Trader—Secreted under a Hotel—Up a Tree—Under a Floor—In a Thicket—On a Steamer.

LIBERTY OR DEATH.

Jim Bowlegs alias Bill Paul.

SALT-WATER FUGITIVE.

SAMUEL GREEN ALIAS WESLEY KINNARD.

Ten Years in the Penitentiary for having a Copy of Uncle Tom's Cabin in his House.

AN IRISH GIRL'S DEVOTION TO FREEDOM.

In Love with a Slave—Gets him off to Canada—Follows him—Marriage,
&c.

"SAM" NIXON ALIAS DR. THOMAS BAYNE.

The Escape of a Dentist on the U.G.R.R. &c.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS.

From Loudoun County, Va., Norfolk, Baltimore, Md., Petersburg, Va.,
&c.

HEAVY REWARD.

"Two Thousand Six Hundred Dollars Reward" Offered.

SLAVE-TRADER HALL IS FOILED.

Robert McCoy alias William Donar, and Elizabeth Sanders, arrived per steamer.

THE PROTECTION OF SLAVE PROPERTY IN VIRGINIA.

A Bill providing additional Protection for the Slave Property of
Citizens of this Commonwealth.

ESCAPING IN A CHEST.

"One Hundred and Fifty Dollars Reward"—Lear Green.

ISAAC WILLIAMS, HENRY BANKS AND KIT NICKLESS.

ARRIVAL OF FIVE PROM THE EASTERN SHORE OF MARYLAND.

Cyrus Mitchell alias John Steel, Joshua Handy alias Hambleton Hamby, Charles Button alias William Robinson, Ephraim Hudson alias John Spry, Francis Molock alias Thomas Jackson.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS ABOUT AUGUST 1ST, 1855.

Francis Hilliard and Others.

DEEP FURROWS ON THE BACK.

Thomas Madden.

PETER MATHEWS ALIAS SAMUEL SPARROWS.

"I might as well be in the Penitentiary as in Slavery."

"MOSES" ARRIVES WITH SIX PASSENGERS.

ESCAPED FROM "A WORTHLESS SOT."

John Atkinson.

WILLIAM BUTCHER ALIAS Wm. T. MTCHELL.

"He was abuseful".

"WHITE ENOUGH TO PASS".

ESCAPING WITH MASTER'S CARRIAGES AND HORSES.

Harriet Shephard, and her five Children with five other Passengers.

EIGHT AND A HALF MONTHS SECRETED.

Washington Somlor alias James Moore.

ARTHUR FOWLER ALIAS BENJAMIN JOHNSON.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS.

About the 1st of June, 1855—Emory Roberts and others.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS ABOUT JANUARY 1ST, 1855.

Verenea Mercer and others.

SLAVE-HOLDER IN MARYLAND WITH THREE COLORED WIVES.

James Griffin alias Thomas Brown.

CAPTAIN F. ARRIVES WITH NINE PASSENGERS.

Names of Passengers.

OWEN AND OTHO TAYLOR'S FLIGHT WITH HORSES, &c.

HEAVY REWARD.

Three Hundred Dollars Reward—"Tom" gone.

CAPT. F. ARRIVES WITH FOURTEEN "PRIME ARTICLES" ON BOARD.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS, LATTER PART OF DECEMBER, 1855, AND
BEGINNING OF JANUARY, 1856.

Joseph Cornish and others.

PART OF THE ARRIVALS IN DECEMBER, 1855.

Thomas J. Gooseberry and others.

THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850.

"An Act Respecting Fugitives from Justice, and Persons Escaping from the Services of their Masters."

THE SLAVE HUNTING TRAGEDY IN LANCASTER COUNTY, IN
SEPTEMBER, 1851.

"Treason at Christiana".

WILLIAM AND ELLEN CRAFT.

Female Slave in Male Attire, fleeing as a Planter, with her Husband as her Body Servant.

ARRIVALS FROM RICHMOND.

Lewis Cobb and Nancy Brister.

PASSENGERS FROM NORTH CAROLINA, [By SCHOONER.]

Major Latham, William Wilson, Henry Goram, Wiley Madison, and Andrew Shepherd.

THOMAS CLINTON, SAUNEY PRY AND BENJAMIN DUCKET.

Passed over the U.G.R.R. in the Fall of 1856.

ARRIVALS IN APRIL, 1856.

Charles Hall and others.

FIVE FROM GEORGETOWN CROSS-ROADS.

Mother and Child from Norfolk, Va., &c.

PASSENGERS FROM MARYLAND.

William Henry MOODY, BELINDA BIVANS, &c.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.

ARRIVAL FROM WASHINGTON, D.C., &c., 1857.

George Carroll, Randolph Branson, John Clagart and William Royan.

ARRIVAL FROM UNIONVILLE, 1857.

Israel Todd and Bazil Aldridge.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1857.

Ordee Lee and Richard J. Booce.

ARRIVAL FROM CAMBRIDGE, 1857.

Silas Long and Solomon Light—"The Mother of Twelve Children"—Old Jane Davis.

BENJAMIN ROSS AND HIS WIFE HARRIET

Fled from Caroline County, Eastern Shore of Maryland, June, 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM DELAWARE, 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM ALEXANDRIA, IN 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM UNIONVILLE, 1857.
FROM NEW ORLEANS, 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM WASHINGTON, D.C.
ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.
ARRIVAL FROM GEORGETOWN CROSS ROADS AND ALEXANDRIA.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.
ARRIVAL FROM NORFOLK, VA.
ARRIVAL FROM WASHINGTON, D.C.
FOUR ABLE BODIED "ARTICLES" IN ONE ARRIVAL, 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM ARLINGTON, MD., 1857.
FIVE PASSENGERS, 1847.

ARRIVAL FROM HOWARD COUNTY, MD., 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY, MD.
ARRIVAL FROM RAPPAHANNOCK COUNTY, 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM NORTH CAROLINA, 1857.
ALFRED HOLLON, GEORGE AND CHARLES N. RODGERS.
ARRIVAL FROM KENT COUNTY, 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM BALTIMORE COUNTY, 1857.
MARY COOPER AND MOSES ARMSTEAD, 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM NEAR WASHINGTON, D.C.

HON. L. McLANE'S PROPERTY, SOON AFTER HIS DEATH, TRAVELS
VIA THE UNDERGROUND RAIL ROAD—WILLIAM KNIGHT, ESQ. LOSES A
SUPERIOR "ARTICLE."

ARRIVAL FROM HARFORD COUNTY, 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM NORFOLK, VA., 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM HOOPERVILLE, MD., 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM QUEEN ANNE COUNTY, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM BALTIMORE.
ARRIVED FROM DUNWOODY COUNTY, 1858.
ARRIVED FROM ALEXANDRIA, VA., 1857.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM PETERSBURG, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.
ARRIVAL OF A PARTY OF SIX, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM BALTIMORE, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM HIGHTSTOWN, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM BELLAIR.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM NORFOLK, VA., 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM NEAR BALTIMORE, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM WASHINGTON, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM THE OLD DOMINION.
ARRIVAL FROM DELAWARE, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM DELAWARE, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM NORTH CAROLINA AND DELAWARE.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.
ARRIVAL FROM THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM HONEY BROOK TOWNSHIP, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM ALEXANDRIA, VA., 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM THE SEAT OF GOVERNMENT.
CROSSING THE BAY IN A SKIFF.
ARRIVAL FROM KENT COUNTY, MD., 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM WASHINGTON, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM CECIL COUNTY, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM GEORGETOWN, D.C., 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM SUSSEX COUNTY, 1858.
SUNDRY ARRIVALS IN 1859.
ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND, 1859.
ARRIVAL FROM DELAWARE, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND, 1859.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1859.
SUNDRY ARRIVALS, 1859.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1859.
ARRIVAL FROM DELAWARE, 1859.
ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1859.
SUNDRY ARRIVALS FROM MARYLAND, 1859.
ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND, 1859.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, VIRGINIA, AND THE DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS FROM MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA.
ARRIVAL FROM SEAFORD, 1859.
ARRIVAL FROM TAPS' NECK, MD., 1859.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1859.
SUNDRY ARRIVALS FROM VIRGINIA, MARYLAND AND DELAWARE.
ARRIVAL FROM DIFFERENT POINTS.
SUNDRY ARRIVALS FROM MARYLAND, 1860.
ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1860.
ARRIVAL FROM BALTIMORE, 1860.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.
ARRIVAL FROM FREDERICKSBURG, 1860.
SUNDRY ARRIVALS FROM MARYLAND, 1860.
CROSSING THE BAY IN A BATTEAU.
ARRIVAL FROM DORCHESTER COUNTY, 1860.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1860.
TWELVE MONTHS IN THE WOODS, 1860.
ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.
A SLAVE CATCHER CAUGHT IN HIS OWN TRAP.
TO WHOM IT MIGHT CONCERN.
ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND, 1858.
ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND, 1859.
ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND.
"AUNT HANNAH MOORE."

KIDNAPPING OF RACHEL AND ELIZABETH PARKER—MURDER OF
JOSEPH C. MILLER, IN 1851 AND 1852.

ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1854.
ARRIVAL FROM NORFOLK.
ARRIVAL OF FIFTEEN FROM NORFOLK, VIRGINIA.
THE CASE OF EUPHEMIA WILLIAMS.

HELPERS AND SYMPATHIZERS AT HOME AND ABROAD—INTERESTING
LETTERS.

PAMPHLET AND LETTERS.
LETTERS TO THE WRITER.
WOMAN ESCAPING IN A BOX, 1857.
ORGANIZATION OF THE VIGILANCE COMMITTEE.
PORTRAITS AND SKETCHES.
ESTHER MOORE.
ABIGAIL GOODWIN.
THOMAS GARRETT.
DANIEL GIBBONS.
LUCRETIA MOTT.
JAMES MILLER McKIM.
WILLIAM H. FURNESS, D.D.
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON.
LEWIS TAPPAN.
ELIJAH F. PENNYPACKER.
WILLIAM WRIGHT.
DR. BARTHOLOMEW FUSSELL.
THOMAS SHIPLEY.
ROBERT PURVIS.
JOHN HUNN.
SAMUEL RHOADS.
GEORGE CORSON.
CHARLES D. CLEVELAND.
WILLIAM WHIPPER.
ISAAC T. HOPPER.
SAMUEL D. BURRIS.
MARIANN, GRACE ANNA, AND ELIZABETH R. LEWIS.
CUNNINGHAM'S RACHE.
FRANCES ELLEN WATKINS HARPER.

CLOTELLE; OR, THE COLORED HEROINE.

A TALE OF THE SOUTHERN STATES.

By William Wells Brown

CONTENTS

| CLOTELLE
CHAPTER I | THE SOUTHERN SOCIAL CIRCLE
CHAPTER II | THE NEGRO SALE
CHAPTER III | THE SLAVE-SPECULATOR
CHAPTER IV | THE BOAT-RACE
CHAPTER V | THE YOUNG MOTHER
CHAPTER VI | THE SLAVE-MARKET |
CHAPTER VII | THE SLAVE-HOLDING PARSON
CHAPTER VIII/td> | A NIGHT IN THE PARSON'S KITCHEN
CHAPTER IX | THE MAN OF HONOR
CHAPTER X | THE QUADROON'S HOME
CHAPTER XI | TO-DAY A MISTRESS, TO-MORROW A SLAVE
CHAPTER XII | THE MOTHER-IN-LAW
CHAPTER XIII | A HARD-HEARTED WOMAN
CHAPTER XIV | THE PRISON
CHAPTER XV | THE ARREST
CHAPTER XVI | DEATH IS FREEDOM
CHAPTER XVII | CLOTELLE
CHAPTER XVIII | A SLAVE-HUNTING PARSON
CHAPTER XIX | THE TRUE HEROINE
CHAPTER XX | THE HERO OF MANY ADVENTURES
CHAPTER XXI | SELF-SACRIFICE
CHAPTER XXII | LOVE AT FIRST SIGHT AND WHAT FOLLOWED
CHAPTER XXIII | MEETING OF THE COUSINS
CHAPTER XXIV | THE LAW AND ITS VICTIM
CHAPTER XXV | THE FLIGHT
CHAPTER XXVI | THE HERO OF A NIGHT
CHAPTER XXVII | TRUE FREEDOM
CHAPTER XXVIII | FAREWELL TO AMERICA
CHAPTER XXIX | A STRANGER IN A STRANGE LAND
CHAPTER XXX | NEW FRIENDS
CHAPTER XXXI | THE MYSTERIOUS MEETING
CHAPTER XXXII | THE HAPPY MEETING
CHAPTER XXXIII | THE HAPPY DAY
CHAPTER XXXIV | CLOTELLE MEETS HER FATHER |
CHAPTER XXXV | THE FATHER'S RESOLVE
CHAPTER XXXVI | THE RETURN HOME
CHAPTER XXXVII | THE ANGEL OF MERCY
CHAPTER XXXVIII | THE GREAT TUNNEL AND THE MISTAKE
CHAPTER XXXIX | CONCLUSION

ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF THE LIFE AND ESCAPE
OF WM. WELLS BROWN FROM
AMERICAN SLAVERY

By Wm. Wells Brown

Written By Himself.

CONTENTS

TESTIMONIALS.
PREFACE TO THE EIGHTH ENGLISH EDITION.
NARRATIVE.
CHAPTER I.
CHAPTER II.
CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER IV.
CHAPTER V.
CHAPTER VI.
CHAPTER VII.
CHAPTER VIII.
CHAPTER IX.
CHAPTER X.
CHAPTER XI.
CHAPTER XII.
THE AMERICAN SLAVE-TRADE.

NARRATIVE OF WILLIAM W. BROWN

A Fugitive Slave

Written By Himself

CONTENTS

PREFACE.

CHAPTER
I.

CHAPTER
II.

CHAPTER
III.

CHAPTER
IV.

CHAPTER
V.

CHAPTER
VI.

CHAPTER
VII.

CHAPTER
VIII.

CHAPTER
IX.

CHAPTER
X.

CHAPTER
XI.

CHAPTER
XII.

CHAPTER
XIII.

CHAPTER
XIV.

DRED A TALE OF THE GREAT DISMAL SWAMP

By Harriet Beecher Stowe

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.
| PAGE
The Mistress of Canema | 1
CHAPTER II.
Clayton | 11
CHAPTER III.
The Clayton Family and Sister Anne | 22
CHAPTER IV.
The Gordon Family | 31
CHAPTER V.
Harry and his Wife | 50
CHAPTER VI.
The Dilemma | 66
CHAPTER VII.
Consultation | 77
CHAPTER VIII.
Old Tiff | 82
CHAPTER IX.
The Death | 101
CHAPTER X.
The Preparation | 106
CHAPTER XI.
The Lovers | 116

CHAPTER
XII.

Explanations | 129
CHAPTER XIII.
Tom Gordon | 145
CHAPTER XIV.
Aunt Nesbit's Loss | 162
CHAPTER XV.
Mr. Jekyl's Opinions | 172
CHAPTER XVI.
Milly's Story | 178
CHAPTER XVII.
Uncle John | 193
CHAPTER XVIII.
Dred | 205
CHAPTER XIX.
The Conspirators | 213
CHAPTER XX.
Summer Talk at Canema | 224
CHAPTER XXI.
Tiff's Preparations | 235
CHAPTER XXII.
The Worshippers | 242
CHAPTER XXIII.
The Camp-Meeting | 255
CHAPTER XXIV.
Life in the Swamps | 285
CHAPTER XXV.
More Summer Talk | 293

CHAPTER
XXVI.

Milly's Return | 307
CHAPTER XXVII.
The Trial | 313
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Magnolia Grove | 321
CHAPTER XXIX.
The Troubadour | 336

CHAPTER XXX.
Tiff's Garden | 348
CHAPTER XXXI.
The Warning | 357
CHAPTER XXXII.
The Morning Star | 362
CHAPTER XXXIII.
The Legal Decision | 368
CHAPTER XXXIV.
The Cloud Bursts | 379
CHAPTER XXXV.
The Voice in the Wilderness | 391
CHAPTER XXXVI.
The Evening Star | 395
CHAPTER XXXVII.
The Tie Breaks | 403
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
The Purpose | 410
CHAPTER XXXIX.
The New Mother | 418
CHAPTER XL.
The Flight into Egypt | 424
CHAPTER XLI.
The Clerical Conference | 436
CHAPTER XLII.
The Result | 448
CHAPTER XLIII.
The Slave's Argument | 457
CHAPTER XLIV.
The Desert | 468
CHAPTER XLV.
Jegar Sahadutha | 477
CHAPTER XLVI.
Frank Russel's Opinions | 488
CHAPTER XLVII.
Tom Gordon's Plans | 497
CHAPTER XLVIII.
Lynch Law | 502
CHAPTER XLIX.
More Violence | 515
CHAPTER L.
Engedi | 521
CHAPTER LI.
The Slave Hunt | 530
CHAPTER LII.
"All Over" | 535
CHAPTER LIII.
The Burial | 542

CHAPTER
LIV.

The Escape | 547
CHAPTER LV.
Lynch Law again | 556
CHAPTER LVI.
Flight | 569
CHAPTER LVII.
Clear Shining after Rain | 576
APPENDIX   I. | 580
APPENDIX  II. | 587
APPENDIX III. | 596

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
or
Life among the Lowly

By Harriet Beecher Stowe

CONTENTS

| VOLUME I
CHAPTER I | In Which the Reader Is Introduced to a Man of Humanity
CHAPTER II | The Mother
CHAPTER III | The Husband and Father
CHAPTER IV | An Evening in Uncle Tom's Cabin
CHAPTER V | Showing the Feelings of Living Property on Changing Owners
CHAPTER VI | Discovery
CHAPTER VII | The Mother's Struggle
CHAPTER VIII | Eliza's Escape
CHAPTER | In Which It Appears That a Senator Is But a Man IX
CHAPTER X | The Property Is Carried Off
CHAPTER XI | In Which Property Gets into an Improper State of Mind
CHAPTER XII | Select Incident of Lawful Trade
CHAPTER XIII | The Quaker Settlement
CHAPTER XIV | Evangeline
CHAPTER XV | Of Tom's New Master, and Various Other Matters
CHAPTER XVI | Tom's Mistress and Her Opinions
CHAPTER XVII | The Freeman's Defence
CHAPTER XVIII | Miss Ophelia's Experiences and Opinions
| VOLUME II
CHAPTER | Miss Ophelia's Experiences and Opinions Continued XIX
CHAPTER XX | Topsy
CHAPTER XXI | Kentuck
CHAPTER XXII | "The Grass Withereth-the Flower Fadeth"
CHAPTER XXIII | Henrique
CHAPTER XXIV | Foreshadowings
CHAPTER XXV | The Little Evangelist
CHAPTER XXVI | Death
CHAPTER XXVII | "This Is the Last of Earth"
CHAPTER XXVIII | Reunion
CHAPTER XXIX | The Unprotected
CHAPTER XXX | The Slave Warehouse
CHAPTER XXXI | The Middle Passage
CHAPTER XXXII | Dark Places
CHAPTER XXXIII | Cassy
CHAPTER XXXIV | The Quadroon's Story
CHAPTER XXXV | The Tokens
CHAPTER XXXVI | Emmeline and Cassy
CHAPTER XXXVII | Liberty
CHAPTER XXXVIII | The Victory
CHAPTER XXXIX | The Stratagem
CHAPTER XL | The Martyr
CHAPTER XLI | The Young Master
CHAPTER XLII | An Authentic Ghost Story
CHAPTER XLIII | Results
CHAPTER XLIV | The Liberator
CHAPTER XLV | Concluding Remarks

STEP BY STEP

or, TIDY'S WAY TO FREEDOM.

CONTENTS

| STEP BY STEP.
CHAPTER I | INTRODUCTION.
CHAPTER II | THE BABY.
CHAPTER III | SUNSHINE.
CHAPTER IV | SEVERAL EVENTS.
CHAPTER V | A NEW HOME.
CHAPTER VI | BEGINNINGS OF KNOWLEDGE.
CHAPTER VII | FRANCES.
CHAPTER VIII | PRAYER.

CHAPTER IX | THE FIRST LESSON.
CHAPTER X | LONY'S PETITION.
CHAPTER XI | ROUGH PLACES.
CHAPTER XII | A GREAT UNDERTAKING.
CHAPTER XIII | A LONG JOURNEY.
CHAPTER XIV | CRUELTY.
CHAPTER XV | COTTON.
CHAPTER XVI | RESCUE.
CHAPTER XVII | TRUE LIBERTY.
CHAPTER XVIII | CROWNING MERCIES.

THE IRON FURNACE:

OR,SLAVERY AND SECESSION

CONTENTS

CHAPTER
I.

SECESSION.

Speech of Colonel Drane—Submission Denounced—Northern
Aggression—No more Slave States—Northern isms—Yankees’
Servants—Yankee inferiority—Breckinridge, or immediate, complete, and eternal Separation—A Day of Rejoicing—Abraham
Lincoln, President elect—A Union Speech—A Southerner’s
Reasons for opposing Secession—Address by a Radical Secessionist—Cursing and Bitterness—A Prayer—Sermon against Secession—List of Grievances—Causes which led to Secession

13—49

CHAPTER
II.

VIGILANCE COMMITTEE AND COURT-MARTIAL.

The election of Delegates to determine the status of Mississippi—The
Vigilance Committee—Description of its members—Charges—Phonography—No formal verdict—Danger of Assassination—Passports—Escape to Rienzi—Union sentiment—The Conscript Law—Summons to attend Court-Martial—Evacuation of Corinth—Destruction of Cotton—Suffering poor—Relieved by General Halleck

50—69

CHAPTER
III.

ARREST, ESCAPE, AND RECAPTURE.

High price of Provisions—Holland Lindsay’s Family—The arrest—Captain Hill—Appearance before Colonel Bradfute at
Fulton—Arrest of Benjamin Clarke—Bradfute’s Insolence—General
Chalmers—The clerical Spy—General Pfeifer—Under guard—Priceville—General Gordon—Bound for Tupelo—The
Prisoners entering the Dungeon—Captain Bruce—Lieutenant
Richard Malone—Prison Fare and Treatment—Menial Service—Resolve to escape—Plan of escape—Federal Prisoners—Co-operation of the Prisoners—Declaration of Independence—The Escape—The
Separation—Concealment—Travel on the Underground Railroad—Pursuit by Cavalry and Bloodhounds—The Arrest—Dan Barnes, the
Mail-robber—Perfidy—Heavily ironed—Return to Tupelo

70—112

CHAPTER
IV.

LIFE IN A DUNGEON.

Parson Aughey as Chaplain—Description of the Prisoners—Colonel
Walter, the Judge Advocate—Charges and Specifications against
Parson Aughey, a Citizen of the Confederate States—Execution of two Tennesseeans—Enlistment of Union Prisoners—Colonel
Walter’s second visit—Day of Execution specified—Farewell
Letter to my Wife—Parson Aughey’s Obituary penned by himself—Address to his Soul—The Soul’s Reply—Farewell
Letter to his Parents—The Union Prisoners’ Petition to
Hon. W. H. Seward—The two Prisoners and the Oath of Allegiance—Irish
Stories

113—142

CHAPTER
V.

EXECUTION OF UNION PRISONERS.

Resolved to Escape—Mode of Executing Prisoners—Removal of
Chain—Addition to our Numbers—Two Prisoners become Insane—Plan of Escape—Proves a Failure—Fetters Inspected—Additional
Fetters—Handcuffs—A Spy in the Disguise of a Prisoner—Special
Police Guard on Duty—A Prisoner’s Discovery—Divine
Services—The General Judgment—The Judge—The Laws—The
Witnesses—The Concourse—The Sentence

143—167

CHAPTER
VI.

SUCCESSFUL ESCAPE.

The Second Plan of Escape—Under the Jail—Egress—Among the Guards—In the Swamp—Travelling on the Underground
Railroad—The Fare—Green Corn eaten Raw—Blackberries and Stagnant Water—The Bloodhounds—Tantalizing Dreams—The
Pickets—The Cows—Become Sick—Fons Beatus—Find
Friends—Union Friend No. Two—The night in the Barn—Death of Newman by Scalding—Union Friend No. Three—Bound for the
Union Lines—Rebel Soldiers—Black Ox—Pied Ox—Reach
Headquarters in Safety—Emotions on again beholding the Old Flag—Kindness while Sick—Meeting with his Family—Richard Malone again—The
Serenade—Leave Dixie—Northward bound

168—211

CHAPTER
VII.

SOUTHERN CLASSES—CRUELTY TO SLAVES.

Sandhillers—Dirt-eating—Dipping—Their Mode of Living—Patois—Rain-book—Wife-trade—Coming in to see the Cars—Superstition—Marriage of Kinsfolks—Hardshell
Sermon—Causes which lead to the Degradation of this Class—Efforts to Reconcile the Poor Whites to the Peculiar Institution—The
Slaveholding Class—The Middle Class—Northern isms—Incident at a Methodist Minister’s House—Question asked a Candidate for Licensure—Reason of Southern Hatred toward the North—Letter to Mr. Jackman—Barbarities and Cruelties of Slavery—Mulattoes—Old
Cole—Child Born at Whipping-post—Advertisement of a Keeper of Bloodhounds—Getting Rid of Free Blacks—The Doom of
Slavery—Methodist Church South

212—248

CHAPTER
VIII.

NOTORIOUS REBELS.—UNION OFFICERS.

Colonel Jefferson Davis—His Speech at Holly Springs, Mississippi—His
Opposition to Yankee Teachers and Ministers—A bid for the
Presidency—His Ambition—Burr, Arnold, Davis—General
Beauregard—Headquarters at Rienzi—Colonel Elliott’s
Raid—Beauregard’s Consternation—Personal description—His illness—Popularity waning.—Rev. Dr. Palmer of New Orleans—His influence—The Cincinnati Letter—His Personal Appearance—His
Denunciations of General Butler—His Radicalism.—Rev. Dr.
Waddell of La Grange, Tennessee—His Prejudices against the North—President of Memphis Synodical College—His Talents prostituted.—Union
Officers—General Nelson—General Sherman

249—263

CHAPTER
IX.

CONDITION OF THE SOUTH.

Cause of the Rebellion—Prevalence of Union Sentiment in the
South—Why not Developed—Stevenson’s Views—Why
Incorrect—Cavalry Raids upon Union Citizens—How the Rebels employ Slaves—Slaves Whipped and sent out of the Federal Lines—Resisting the Conscript Law—Kansas Jayhawkers—Guarding Rebel
Property—Perfidy of Secessionists—Plea for Emancipation—The
South Exhausted—Failure of Crops—Southern Merchants Ruined—Bragg
Prohibits the Manufacture and Vending of Intoxicating Liquors—Its
Salutary Effect

264—281

CHAPTER
X.

BATTLES OF LEESBURG, BELMONT, AND SHILOH.

Rebel Cruelty to Prisoners—The Fratricide—Grant Defeated—Saved by Gunboats—Buell’s Advance—Railroad Disaster—The
South Despondent—General Rosecrans—Secession will become
Odious even in the South—Poem

282—296

A SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO

By Benjamin Brawley

CONTENTS

CHAPTER
I

THE COMING OF NEGROES TO AMERICA

1. African Origins
2. The
Negro in Spanish Exploration
3. Development of the Slave-Trade
4. Planting of Slavery in the Colonies
5. The
Wake of the Slave-Ship

CHAPTER
II

THE NEGRO IN THE COLONIES

1. Servitude and Slavery
2. The
Indian, the Mulatto, and the Free Negro
3. First
Effort toward Social Betterment
4. Early
Insurrections

CHAPTER
III

THE REVOLUTIONARY ERA

1. Sentiment in England and America
2. The
Negro in the War
3. The
Northwest Territory and the Constitution
4. Early
Steps toward Abolition
5. Beginning of Racial Consciousness

CHAPTER
IV

THE NEW WEST, THE SOUTH, AND THE WEST INDIES

1. The
Cotton-Gin, the New Southwest, and the First Fugitive Slave Law
2. Toussaint
L'Ouverture, Louisiana, and the Formal Closing of the Slave-Trade
3. Gabriel's
Insurrection and the Rise of the Negro Problem

CHAPTER
V

INDIAN AND NEGRO

1. Creek,
Seminole, and Negro to 1817: The War of 1812
2. First
Seminole War and the Treaties of Indian Spring and Fort Moultrie
3. From the Treaty of Fort Moultrie to the Treaty of Payne's Landing
4. Osceola and the Second Seminole War

CHAPTER
VI

EARLY APPROACH TO THE NEGRO PROBLEM

1. The Ultimate Problem and the Missouri
Compromise
2. Colonization
3. Slavery

CHAPTER
VII

THE NEGRO REPLYâ?" I: REVOLT

1. Denmark Vesey's Insurrection
2. Nat
Turner's Insurrection
3. The Amistad and Creole Cases

CHAPTER
VIII

THE NEGRO REPLYâ?"II: ORGANIZATION AND AGITATION

1. Walker's
"Appeal"
2. The
Convention Movement
3. Sojourner
Truth and Woman Suffrage

CHAPTER
IX

LIBERIA

1. The
Place and the People
2. History
(a) Colonization and Settlement
(b) The
Commonwealth of Liberia
(c) The
Republic of Liberia
3. International
Relations
4. Economic and Social Conditions

CHAPTER
X

THE NEGRO A NATIONAL ISSUE

1. Current Tendencies
2. The
Challenge of the Abolitionists
3. The
Contest

CHAPTER
XI

SOCIAL PROGRESS, 1820-1860

CHAPTER
XII

THE CIVIL WAR AND EMANCIPATION

CHAPTER
XIII

THE ERA OF ENFRANCHISEMENT

1. The Problem
2. Meeting the Problem
3. Reaction:
The Ku-Klux Klan
4. Counter-Reaction:
The Negro Exodus
5. A
Postscript on the War and Reconstruction

CHAPTER
XIV

THE NEGRO IN THE NEW SOUTH

1. Political Life: Disfranchisement
2. Economic
Life: Peonage
3. Social
Life: Proscription, Lynching

CHAPTER
XV

"THE VALE OF TEARS," 1890-1910

1. Current Opinion and Tendencies
2. Industrial
Education: Booker T. Washington
3. Individual
Achievement: The Spanish-American War
4. Mob
Violence; Election Troubles; The Atlanta Massacre
5. The
Question of Labor
6. Defamation;
Brownsville
7. The
Dawn of a To-morrow

CHAPTER
XVI

THE NEGRO IN THE NEW AGE

1. Character of the Period
2. Migration;
East St. Louis
3. The
Great War
4. High
Tension: Washington, Chicago, Elaine
5. The
Widening Problem

CHAPTER
XVII

THE NEGRO PROBLEM

1. World
Aspect
2. The
Negro in American Life
3. Face to Face

TWENTY YEARS OF AN AFRICAN SLAVER

By Brantz Mayer

CONTENTS.

| PAGE

CHAP. I.—My parentage and education—Apprenticed at Leghorn to an American captain—First voyage—its mishaps—overboard—black cook—Sumatra—cabin-boy—Arrival in Boston—My first command—View of Boston harbor from the mast-head—My first interview with a Boston merchant, William
Gray

1

CHAP. II.—My uncle tells my adventure with Lord
Byron—Captain Towne, and my life in Salem—My skill in Latin—Five years voyaging from
Salem—I rescue a Malay girl at Quallahbattoo—The first slave I ever saw—End of my apprenticeship—My backslidings in Antwerp and Paris—Ship on a British vessel for Brazil—The captain and his wife—Love, grog, and grumbling—A scene in the harbor of Rio—Matrimonial happiness—Voyage to Europe—Wreck and loss on the coast near Ostend

10

CHAP. III.—I design going to South America—A Dutch galliot for Havana—Male and female captain—Run foul of in the Bay of Biscay—Put into Ferrol, in Spain—I am appropriated by a new mother, grandmother, and sisters—A comic scene—How
I got out of the scrape—Set sail for Havana—Jealousy of the captain—Deprived of my post—Restored—Refuse to do duty—Its sad consequences—Wrecked on a reef near Cuba—Fisherman-wreckers—Offer to land cargo—Make a bargain with our salvors—A sad denouement—A night bath and escape

19

CHAP. IV.—Bury my body in the sand to escape the insects—Night of horror—Refuge on a tree—Scented by bloodhounds—March to the rancho—My guard—Argument about my fate—“My Uncle” Rafael suddenly appears on the scene—Magic change effected by my relationship—Clothed, and fed, and comforted—I find an uncle, and am protected—Mesclet—Made cook’s mate—Gallego, the cook—His appearance and character—Don Rafael’s story—“Circumstances”—His counsel for my conduct on the island

31

CHAP. V.—Life on a sand key—Pirates and wreckers—Their difference—Our galliot destroyed—the gang goes to Cuba—I am left with Gallego—His daily fishing and nightly flitting—I watch him—My discoveries in the graveyard—Return of the wreckers—“Amphibious Jews”—Visit from a Cuban inspector—“Fishing license”—Gang goes to Cape
Verde—Report of a fresh wreck—Chance of escape—Arrival—Return of wreckers—Bachicha and his clipper—Death of Mesclet—My adventures in a privateer—My restoration to the key—Gallego’s charges—His trial and fate

41

CHAP. VI.—I am sent from the key—Consigned to a grocer at
Regla—Cibo—His household—Fish-loving padre—Our dinners and studies—Rafael’s fate—Havana—A slaver—I sail for Africa—The Areostatico’s voyage, crew, gale—Mutiny—How I meet it alone—My first night in Africa!

57

CHAP. VII.—Reflections on my conduct and character—Morning after the mutiny—Burial of the dead—My wounds—Jack Ormond or the “Mongo
John”—My physician and his prescription—Value of woman’s milk—I make the vessel ready for her slave cargo—I dine with Mongo John—His harem—Frolic in it—Duplicity of my captain—I take service with Ormond as his clerk—I pack the human cargo of the Areostatico—Farewell to my English cabin-boy—His story

68

CHAP. VIII.—I take possession of my new quarters—My household and its fittings—History of Mr. Ormond—How he got his rights in Africa—I take a survey of his property and of my duties—The Cerberus of his harem—Unga-golah’s stealing—Her rage at my opposition—A night visit at my quarters—Esther, the quarteroon—A warning and a sentimental scene—Account of an African factor’s harem—Mongo John in his decline—His women—Their flirtations—Battles among the girls—How African beaus fight a duel for love!—Scene of passionate jealousy among the women

76

CHAP. IX.—Pains and dreariness of the “wet season”—African rain!—A Caravan announced as coming to the Coast—Forest paths and trails in Africa—How we arrange to catch a caravan—“Barkers,” who they are—Ahmah-de-Bellah, son of the Ali-Mami of Footha-Yallon—A Fullah chief leads the caravan of 700 persons—Arrival of the caravan—Its character and reception—Its produce taken charge of—People billeted—Mode of trading for the produce of a caravan—(Note: Account of the produce, its value and results)—Mode of purchasing the produce—Sale over—Gift of an ostrich—Its value in guns—Bungee or “dash”—Ahmah-de-Bellah—How he got up his caravan—Blocks the forest paths—Convoy duties—Value and use of blocking the forest paths—Collecting debts, &c.—My talks with Ahmah—his instructions and sermons on Islamism—My geographical disquisitions, rotundity of the world, the Koran—I consent to turn, minus the baptism!—Ahmah’s attempt to vow me to Islamism—Fullah punishments—Slave wars—Piety and profit—Ahmah and I exchange gifts—A double-barrelled gun for a Koran—I promise to visit the Fullah country

84

CHAP. X.—Mode of purchasing Slaves at factories—Tricks of jockeys—Gunpowder and lemon-juice—I become absolute manager of the stores—Reconciliation with Unga-golah—La belle Esther—I get the African fever—My nurses—Cured by sweating and bitters—Ague—Showerbath remedy—Mr. Edward Joseph—My union with him—I quit the Mongo, and take up my quarters with the Londoner

94

CHAP. XI.—An epoch in my life in 1827—A vessel arrives consigned to me for slaves—La Fortuna—How
I managed to sell my cigars and get a cargo, though I had no factory—My first shipment—(Note on the cost and profit of a slave voyage)—How slaves are selected for various markets, and shipped—Go on board naked—hearty feed before embarkation—Stowage—Messes—Mode of eating—Grace—Men and women separated—Attention to health, cleanliness, ventilation—Singing and amusements—Daily purification of the vessel—Night, order and silence preserved by negro constables—Use and disuse of handcuffs—Brazilian slavers—(Note on condition of slavers since the treaty with
Spain)

99

CHAP. XII.—How a cargo of slaves is landed in Cuba—Detection avoided—“Gratificaciones.” Clothes distributed—Vessel burnt or sent in as a coaster, or in distress—A slave’s first glimpse of a Cuban plantation—Delight with food and dress—Oddity of beasts of burden and vehicles—A slave’s first interview with a negro postilion—the postilion’s sermon in favor of slavery—Dealings with the anchorites—How tobacco smoke blinds public functionaries—My popularity on the Rio Pongo—Ormond’s enmity to me

107

CHAP. XIII.—I become intimate with “Country princes”
and receive their presents—Royal marriages—Insulting to refuse a proffered wife—I am pressed to wed a princess and my diplomacy to escape the sable noose—My partner agrees to marry the princess—The ceremonial of wooing and wedding in African high life—Coomba

110

CHAP. XIV.—Joseph, my partner, has to fly from Africa—How I save our property—My visit to the Bagers—their primitive mode of life—Habits—Honesty—I find my property unguarded and safe—My welcome in the village—Gift of a goat—Supper—Sleep—A narrow escape in the surf on the coast—the skill of Kroomen

118

CHAP. XV.—I study the institution of Slavery in Africa—Man becomes a “legal tender,” or the coin of Africa—Slave wars, how they are directly promoted by the peculiar adaptation of the trade of the great commercial nations—Slavery an immemorial institution in Africa—How and why it will always be retained—Who are made home slaves—Jockeys and brokers—Five sixths of Africa in domestic bondage

126

CHAP. XVI.—Caravan announced—Mami-de-Yong, from Footha-Yallon, uncle of Ahmah-de-Bellah—My ceremonious reception—My preparations for the chief—Coffee—his school and teaching—Narrative of his trip to
Timbuctoo—Queer black-board map—prolix story teller—Timbuctoo and its trade—Slavery

129

CHAP. XVII.—I set forth on my journey to Timbo, to see the father of Ahmah-de-Bellah—My caravan and its mode of travel—My Mussulman passport—Forest roads—Arrive at Kya among the Mandingoes—My lodgings—Ibrahim Ali—Our supper and “bitters”—A scene of piety, love and liquor—Next morning’s headache—Ali-Ninpha begs leave to halt for a day—I manage our Fullah guide—My fever—Homœopathic dose of Islamism from the Koran—My cure—Afternoon

136

CHAP. XVIII.—A ride on horseback—Its exhilaration in the forest—Visit to the Devil’s Fountain—Tricks of an echo and sulphur water—Ibrahim and I discourse learnedly upon the ethics of fluids—My respect for national peculiarities—Our host’s liberality—Mandingo etiquette at the departure of a guest—A valuable gift from Ibrahim and its delicate bestowal—My offering in return—Tobacco and brandy

143

CHAP. XIX.—A night bivouac in the forest—Hammock swung between trees—A surprise and capture—What we do with the fugitive slaves—A Mandingo upstart and his “town”—Inhospitality—He insults my Fullah leader—A quarrel—The Mandingo is seized and his townsfolk driven out—We tarry for Ali-Ninpha—He returns and tries his countrymen—Punishment—Mode of inculcating the social virtues among these interior tribes—We cross the Sanghu on an impromptu bridge—Game—Forest food—Vegetables—A
“Witch’s cauldron” of reptiles for the negroes

147

CHAP. XX.—Spread of Mahometanism in the interior of Africa—The external aspect of nature in Africa—Prolific land—Indolence a law of the physical constitution—My caravan’s progress—The Ali-Mami’s protection, its value—Forest scenery—Woods, open plains, barrancas and ravines—Their intense heat—Prairies—Swordgrass—River scenery, magnificence of the shores, foliage, flowers, fruits and birds; picturesque towns, villages and herds—Mountain scenery, view, at morning, over the lowlands—An African noon

153

CHAP. XXI.—We approach Tamisso—Our halt at a brook—bathing, beautifying, and adornment of the women—Message and welcome from Mohamedoo, by his son, with a gift of food—Our musical escort and procession to the city—My horse is led by a buffoon of the court, who takes care of my face—Curiosity of the townsfolk to see the white Mongo—I pass on hastily to the Palace of Mohamedoo—What an African palace and its furniture is—Mohamedoo’s appearance, greeting and dissatisfaction—I make my present and clear up the clouds—I determine to bathe—How the girls watch me—Their commentaries on my skin and complexion—Negro curiosity—A bath scene—Appearance of Tamisso, and my entertainment there

157

CHAP. XXII.—Improved character of country and population as we advance to the interior—We approach Jallica—Notice to Suphiana—A halt for refreshment and ablutions—Ali-Ninpha’s early home here—A great man in Soolimana—Sound of the war-drum at a distance—Our welcome—Entrance to the town—My party, with the Fullah, is barred out—We are rescued—Grand ceremonial procession and reception, lasting two hours—I am, at last, presented to Suphiana—My entertainment in Jallica—A concert—Musical instruments—Madoo, the ayah—I reward her dancing and singing

162

CHAP. XXIII.—Our caravan proceeds towards Timbo—Met and welcomed in advance, on a lofty table land, by Ahmah-de-Bellah—Psalm of joy song by the Fullahs for our safety—We reach Timbo before day—A house has been specially built and furnished for me—Minute care for my taste and comforts—Ahmah-de-Bellah a trump—A fancy dressing-gown and ruffled shirt—I bathe, dress, and am presented to the Ali-Mami—His inquisitive but cordial reception and recommendation—Portrait of a Fullah king—A breakfast with his wife—My formal reception by the Chiefs of Timbo and Sulimani-Ali—The ceremonial—Ahmah’s speech as to my purposes—Promise of hospitality—My gifts—I design purchasing slaves—scrutiny of the presents—Cantharides—Abdulmomen-Ali, a prince and book-man—His edifying discourse on Islamism—My submission

167

CHAP. XXIV.—Site of Timbo and the surrounding country—A ride with the princes—A modest custom of the Fullahs in passing streams—Visit to villages—The inhabitants fly, fearing we are on a slave scout—Appearance of the cultivated lands, gardens, near Findo and Furo—Every body shuns me—A walk through Timbo—A secret expedition—I watch the girls and matrons as they go to the stream to draw water—Their figures, limbs, dress—A splendid headdress—The people of Timbo, their character, occupation, industry, reading—I announce my approaching departure—Slave forays to supply me—A capture of forty-five by Sulimani-Ali—The personal dread of me increases—Abdulmomen and Ahmah-de-Bellah continue their slave hunts by day, and their pious discourses on Islamism by night—I depart—The farewell gifts—two pretty damsels

176

CHAP. XXV.—My home journey—We reach home with a caravan near a thousand strong—Kambia in order—Mami-de-Yong and my clerk—The story and fate of the Ali-Mami’s daughter Beeljie

183

CHAP. XXVI.—Arrival of a French slaver, La
Perouse, Captain Brulôt—Ormond and I breakfast on board—Its sequel—We are made prisoners and put in irons—Short mode of collecting an old debt on the coast of Africa—The
Frenchman gets possession of our slaves—Arrival of a Spanish slaver

190

CHAP. XXVII.—Ormond communicates with the Spaniard, and arranges for our rescue—La Esperanza—Brulôt gives in—How we fine him two hundred and fifty doubloons for the expense of his suit, and teach him the danger of playing tricks upon
African factors

196

CHAP. XXVIII.—Capt. Escudero of the
Esperanza dies—I resolve to take his place in command and visit
Cuba—Arrival of a Danish slaver—Quarrel and battle between the crews of my Spaniard and the Dane—The Dane attempts to punish me through the duplicity of Ormond—I bribe a servant and discover the trick—My conversation with Ormond—We agree to circumvent the enemy—How I get a cargo without cash

200

CHAP. XXIX.—Off to sea—A calm—A British man-of-war—Boat attack—Reinforcement—A battle—A catastrophe—A prisoner | 206

CHAP. XXX.—I am sent on board the corvette—My reception—A dangerous predicament—The Captain and surgeon make me comfortable for the night—Extraordinary conveniences for escape, of which I take the liberty to avail myself

214

CHAP. XXXI.—I drift away in a boat with my servant—Our adventures till we land in the Isles de Loss—My illness and recovery—I return to the Rio Pongo—I am received on board a French slaver—Invitation to dinner—Monkey soup and its consequences

218

CHAP. XXXII.—My greeting in Kambia—The Feliz from Matanzas—Negotiations for her cargo—Ormond attempts to poison me—Ormond’s suicide—His burial according to African customs

222

CHAP. XXXIII.—A visit to the Matacan river in quest of slaves—My reception by the king—His appearance—Scramble for my gifts—How slaves are sometimes trapped on a hasty hunt—I visit the Matacan
Wizard; his cave, leopard, blind boy—Deceptions and jugglery—Fetiches—A scale of African intellect

227

CHAP. XXXIV.—What became of the Esperanza’s officers and crew—The destruction of my factory at Kambia by fire—I lose all but my slaves—the incendiary detected—Who instigated the deed—Ormond’s relatives—Death of Esther—I go to sea in a schooner from Sierra Leone—How I acquire a cargo of slaves in the Rio
Nunez without money

233

CHAP. XXXV.—I escape capture—Symptoms of mutiny and detection of the plot—How we put it down | 240

CHAP. XXXVI.—A “white squall”—I land my cargo near St. Jago de Cuba—Trip to Havana on horseback—My consignees and their prompt arrangements—success of my voyage—Interference of the French Consul—I am nearly arrested—How things were managed, of old, in Cuba

244

CHAP. XXXVII.—A long holiday—I am wrecked on a key—My rescue by salvors—New Providence—I ship on the San Pablo, from St. Thomas’s, as sailing master—Her captain and his arrangements—Encounter a transport—Benefit of the small-pox—Mozambique Channel—Take cargo near Quillimane—How we managed to get slaves—Illness of our captain—The small-pox breaks out on our brig—Its fatality

248

CHAP. XXXVIII.—Our captain longs for calomel, and how I get it from a Scotchman—Our captain’s last will and testament—We are chased by a British cruiser—How we out-manœvred and crippled her—Death of our captain—Cargo landed and the San Pablo burnt

255

CHAP. XXXIX.—My returns from the voyage $12,000, and how I apply them—A custom-house encounter which loses me La
Conchita and my money—I get command of a slaver for Ayudah—La Estrella—I consign her to the notorious Da Souza or Cha-cha—His history and mode of life in Africa—His gambling houses and women—I keep aloof from his temptations, and contrive to get my cargo in two months

260

CHAP. XL.—All Africans believe in divinities or powers of various degree, except the Bagers—Iguanas worshipped in Ayudah—Invitation to witness the HUMAN SACRIFICES at the court of Dahomey—How they travel to Abomey—The King, his court, amazons, style of life, and brutal festivities—Superstitious rights at Lagos—The Juju hunts by night for the virgin to be sacrificed—Gree-gree bush—The sacrifice—African priest and kingcraft

265

CHAP. XLI.—My voyage home in the Estrella—A revolt of the slaves during a squall, and how we were obliged to suppress it—Use of pistols and hot water

272

CHAP. XLII.—Smallpox and a necessary murder—Bad luck every where—A chase and a narrow escape | 276

CHAP. XLIII.—The Aguila de Oro, a
Chesapeake clipper—my race with the Montesquieu—I enter the river Salum to trade for slaves—I am threatened, then arrested, and my clipper seized by French man-of-war’s men—Inexplicable mystery—We are imprisoned at Goree—Transferred to San Louis on the Senegal—The Frenchmen appropriate my schooner without condemnation—How they used her The sisters of charity in our prison—The trial scene in court, and our sentence—Friends attempt to facilitate my escape, but our plans detected—I am transferred to a guard-ship in the stream—New projects for my escape—A jolly party and the nick of time, but the captain spoils the sport

280

CHAP. XLIV.—I am sent to France in the frigate Flora—Sisters of charity—The prison of Brest—My prison companions—Prison mysteries—Corporal Blon—I apply to the Spanish minister—Transfer to the civil prison

286

CHAP. XLV.—Madame Sorret and my new quarters—Mode of life—A lot of Catalan girls—Prison boarding and lodging—Misery of the convicts in the coast prisons—Improvement of the central prisons

292

CHAP. XLVI.—New lodgers in our quarters—How we pass our time in pleasant diversions by aid of the Catalan girls and my cash—Soirées—My funds give out—Madame Sorret makes a suggestion—I turn schoolmaster, get pupils, teach English and penmanship, and support my whole party

295

CHAP. XLVII.—Monsieur Germaine, the forger—His trick—Cause of Germaine’s arrest—An adroit and rapid forgery—Its detection

300

CHAP. XLVIII.—Plan of escape—Germaine’s project against Babette—A new scheme for New Year’s night—Passports—Pietro Nazzolini and Dominico
Antonetti—Preparations for our “French leave”—How the attempt eventuated

304

CHAP. XLIX.—Condition of the sentinel when he was found—His story—Prison researches next day—How we avoid detection—Louis
Philippe receives my petition favorably—Germaine’s philosophic pilfering and principles—His plan to rob the Santissima Casa of Loretto—He designs making an attempt on the Emperor Nicholas—I am released and banished from France

310

CHAP. L.—I go to Portugal, and return in disguise to Marseilles, in order to embark for Africa—I resolve to continue a slaver—A
Marseilles hotel during the cholera—Doctor
Du Jean and Madame Duprez—Humors of the table d’hôte—Coquetry and flirtation—A phrenological denouement

316

CHAP. LI.—I reach Goree, and hasten to Sierra Leone, where I become a coast-pilot to Gallinas—Site of that celebrated factory—Don Pedro
Blanco—His monopoly of the Vey country—Slave-trade and its territorial extent prior to the American
Scheme of Colonization—Blanco’s arrangements, telegraphs, &c. at Gallinas—Appearance and mode of life—Blanco and the Lords’ prayer in Latin

324

CHAP. LII.—Anecdotes of Blanco—Growth of slave-trade in the Vey country—Local wars—Amarar and Shiakar—Barbarities of the natives

330

CHAP. LIII.—I visit Liberia, and observe a new phase of negro development—I go to New Sestros, and establish trade—Trouble with Prince Freeman—The value of gunpowder physic

335

CHAP. LIV.—My establishment at New Sestros, and how I created the slave-trade in that region—The ordeal of Saucy-Wood—My mode of attacking a superstitious usage, and of saving the victims—The story of Barrah and his execution

339

CHAP. LV.—No river at New Sestros—Beach—Kroomen and
Fishmen—Bushmen—Kroo boats—I engage a fleet of them for my factory—I ship a cargo of slaves in a hurry—My mode of operating—Value of rum and mock coral beads—Return of the cruiser

344

CHAP. LVI.—I go on a pleasure voyage in the Brilliant, accompanied by Governor Findley—Murder of the Governor—I fit out an expedition to revenge his death—A fight with the beach negroes—We burn five towns—A disastrous retreat—I am wounded—Vindication of Findley’s memory

349

CHAP. LVII.—What Don Pedro Blanco thought of my Quixotism—Painful effects of my wound—Blanco’s liberality to Findley’s family—My slave nurseries on the coast—Digby—I pack nineteen negroes on my launch, and set sail for home—Disastrous voyage—Stories—I land my cargo at night at Monrovia, and carry it through the colony!—Some new views of commercial Morality!

356

CHAP. LVIII.—My compliments to British cruisers—The Bonito—I offer an inspection of my barracoons, &c., to her officers—A lieutenant and the surgeon are sent ashore—My reception of them, and the review of my slaves, feeding, sleeping, &c.—Our night frolic—Next morning—A surprise—The Bonito off, and her officers ashore!—Almost a quarrel—How I pacified my guests over a good breakfast—Sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander

362

CHAP. LIX.—Ups and downs—I am captured in a Russian vessel, and sent to Sierra Leone—It is resolved that I am to be despatched to England—I determine to take French leave—Preparation to celebrate a birthday—A feast—A martinet—Corporal Blunt—Pleasant effects of cider—A swim for life and liberty at night—My concealment—I manage to equip myself, and depart in a Portuguese vessel—I ship thirty-one slaves at Digby—A narrow escape from a cruiser—My return to New Sestros—Report of my death—How I restored confidence in my actual existence—Don Pedro’s notion of me—The gift of a donkey, and its disastrous effect on the married ladies of
New Sestros

369

CHAP. LX.—The confession of a dying sailor—Sanchez—The story of the murder of Don
Miguel, and destruction of his factory by Thompson—A piratical revenge—An auto-da-fé at sea

377

CHAP. LXI.—My establishment at Digby—The rival kinsmen, and their quarrel—Jen-ken, the Bushman—My arrival at Digby, carousal—A night attack by the rival and his allies—A rout—Horrid scenes of massacre, barbarity, and cannibalism—My position and ransom

382

CHAP. LXII.—I escape from the bloody scene in a boot with a
Krooman—Storm on the coast—My perilous attempt to land at
Gallinas—How I am warned off—An African tornado—The sufferings of my companion and myself while exposed in the boat, and our final rescue

387

CHAP. LXIII.—Don Pedro Blanco leaves Gallinas—I visit Cape
Mount, to restore his son to the Chief—His reception—I go to England in the Gil Blas; she is run down by steamer in the Channel—Rescued, and reach Dover—I see London and the British Islands—The diversions, sufferings, and opinions of my servant Lunes in Great
Britain—He leaves voluntarily for Africa—A queer chat and scene with the ladies—His opinion of negro dress and negro bliss

391

CHAP. LXIV.—I make arrangements for future trade and business with Mr. Redman—I go to Havana, resolved to obtain a release from Blanco, and engage in lawful commerce—Don Pedro refuses, and sends me back with a freight—A voyage with two African females revisiting their native country—Their story in Cuba; results of frugality and industry—Shiakar’s daughter—Her reception at home—Her disgust with her savage home in Africa, and return to Cuba

396

CHAP. LXV.—I find my establishment in danger, from the colonists and others—A correspondence with Lieut. Bell,
U. S. N.—Harmless termination of Governor
Buchanan’s onslaught—Threatened with famine; my relief—The Volador takes 749 slaves;—The last cargo I ever shipped

399

CHAP. LXVI.—I am attacked by the British cruiser Termagant, Lieut. Seagram—Correspondence and diplomacy—I go on board the cruiser in a damp uniform—My reception and jollification—I confess my intention to abandon the Slave-trade—My compact with
Seagram—How we manage Prince Freeman—His treaty with the
Lieutenant for the suppression of the trade—The negro’s duplicity outwits himself—The British officer guaranties the safe removal of my property, whereupon I release 100 slaves—Captain Denman’s destruction of Gallinas—Freeman begins to see my diplomacy, and regrets his inability to plunder my property, as the natives had done at Gallinas—His plot to effect this—How I counteract it

405

CHAP. LXVII.—My barracoons destroyed—Adieus to New Sestros—I sail with Seagram, in the Termagant, for Cape Mount—A slaver in sight—All the nautical men depart to attack her in boats during a calm—I am left in charge of Her Britannic Majesty’s cruiser—The fruitless issue—Escape of the Serea

411

CHAP. LXVIII.—We land at Cape Mount, and obtain a cession of territory, by deed, from King Fana-Toro and Prince Gray—I explore the region—Site of old English slave factory—Difficulty of making the negroes comprehend my improvements at New Florence—Negro speculations and philosophy in regard to labor.

414

CHAP. LXIX.—Visit to Monrovia—Description of the colony and its products—Speculations on the future of the republic, and the character of colored colonization

419

CHAP. LXX.—I remove, and settle permanently at New Florence—I open communications with cruisers to supply them with provisions,
&c.—Anecdote of Soma, the gambler—His sale and danger in the hands of a Bushman—Mode of gambling one’s self away in Africa—A letter from Governor Macdonald destroys my prospect of British protection—I haul down the British flag—I determine to devote myself to husbandry—Bad prospect

424

CHAP. LXXI.—Account of the character of the Vey negroes—The Gree-gree bush—Description of this institution, its rites, services, and uses—Marriage and midwifery—A scene with Fana-Toro, at Toso—Human sacrifice of his enemy; frying a heart; indignity committed on the body—Anecdote of the king’s endurance; burns his finger as a test, and rallies his men—Death of Prince Gray—Funeral rites among the Vey people—Smoking the corpse—I am offered the choice of his widows

429

CHAP. LXXII.—My workshops, gardens, and plantations at the Cape
Mount settlement—I do not prosper as a farmer or trader with the interior—I decide to send a coaster to aid in the transfer of the Yankee clipper A—— to a slaver—I part on bad terms with the British—Game at Cape
Mount—Adventure of a boy and an Ourang-outang—How we killed leopards, and saved our castle—Mode of hunting elephants—Elephant law

437

CHAP. LXXIII.—Fana-Toro’s war, and its effect on my establishment—I decline joining actively in the conflict—I allow captives to be shipped by a Gallinas factor—Two years of blockade by the British—A miraculous voyage of a long-boat with thirty-three slaves to Bahia—My disasters and mishaps at Cape
Mount in consequence of this war—Exaggerations of my enemies—My true character—Letter from Rev. John Seys to me—My desire to aid the missionaries—Cain and Curtis stimulate the British against me—Adventure of the Chancellor—the British destroy my establishment—Death of Fana-Toro—The natives revenge my loss—The end

442

THE WHITE SLAVES OF ENGLAND

Compiled From Official Documents.

By John C. Cobden

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I.

General Slavery proceeding from the existence of the British
Aristocracy

Page 13

CHAPTER II.
Slavery in the British Mines | 28
CHAPTER III.
Slavery in the British Factories | 104
CHAPTER IV.
Slavery in the British Workshops | 168
CHAPTER V.
The Workhouse System of Britain | 206
CHAPTER VI.
Impressment, or Kidnapping White Men for Slaves in the Naval Service | 257
CHAPTER VII.
Irish Slavery | 284
CHAPTER VIII.
The Menial Slaves of Great Britain | 370
CHAPTER IX.
Mental and Moral Condition of the White Slaves in Great Britain | 379
CHAPTER X.
Coolie Slavery in the British Colonies | 433
CHAPTER XI.
Slavery in British India | 441
CHAPTER XII.
The Crime and the Duty of the English Government | 489

THE BLACK EXPERIENCE IN AMERICA

By Norman Coombs

CONTENTS

Preface
Acknowledgments

The
Human Cradle

West
African Empires

The
Culture of West Africa

The
Slave Trade

Caribbean
Interlude

The
Shape of American Slavery

North
American and South American Slavery

Slavery and the Formation of Character

Slave
Response

Slavery and the American Revolution

Slave
Insurrections

Growing
Racism

Black
Moderates and Militants

White
Liberals

Growth of Extremism

Blue,
Gray, and Black

Reconstruction and Its Failure

The
New Racism

Fighting
Jim Crow

Making the World Safe for Democracy

Urban
Riots

The
Klan Revival

The
Debate Over Means and Ends

Booker
T. Washington: The Trumpet of Conciliation

W.
E. B. DuBois: The Trumpet of Confrontation

Marcus
Garvey: The Trumpet of Pride

A.
Philip Randolph: The Trumpet of Mobilization

Immigration and Migration

Harlem:
"The Promised Land"

The
Negro Renaissance

Black
Nationalism

Hard
Times Again

The
Second World War

The
U.S. and the U.N.

Schools and Courts

The
Civil Rights Movement

Civil
Disorders

Black
Power

Epilogue

WHERE THE TWAIN MEET

By Mary Gaunt

CONTENTS

| PREFACE
| WHERE THE TWAIN MEET
CHAPTER I | BRITAIN'S FIRST TROPICAL COLONY
CHAPTER II | THE WHITE BONDSMEN
CHAPTER III | JAMAICA'S FIRST HISTORIAN
CHAPTER IV | THE CASTLES ON THE GUINEA COAST
CHAPTER V | THE MIDDLE PASSAGE
CHAPTER VI | THE PLANTATION
CHAPTER VII | SLAVE REBELLIONS
CHAPTER VIII | THE MAROONS
CHAPTER IX | THE FOOTPRINTS OF THE YEARS
CHAPTER X | THE MAKING OF CHRISTIANS
CHAPTER XI | THE FREEING OF THE SLAVE
CHAPTER XII | JAMAICA AS I SAW IT

FATHER HENSON'S STORY OF HIS OWN LIFE.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I.
MY BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD. | 1

Earliest memories.—Born in Maryland.—My father's first appearance.—Attempted outrage on my mother.—My father's fight with an overseer.—One hundred stripes and his ear cut off.—Throws away his banjo and becomes morose.—Sold South.

CHAPTER II.
MY FIRST GREAT TRIAL. | 8

Origin of my name.—A kind master.—He is drowned.—My mother's prayers.—A slave auction.—Torn from my mother.—Severe sickness.—A cruel master.—Sold again and restored to my mother.

CHAPTER III.
MY BOYHOOD AND YOUTH. | 16

Early employment.—Slave-life.—Food, lodging, clothing.—Amusements.—Gleams of sunshine.—My knight-errantry.—Become an overseer and general superintendent.

CHAPTER
IV.

MY CONVERSION. | 25
A good man.—Hear a sermon for the first time.—Its effects upon me.—Prayer and communion.—Its first fruits.
CHAPTER V.
MAIMED FOR LIFE. | 31

Taking care of my drunken master.—His fight with an overseer.—Rescue him.—Am terribly beaten by the overseer.—My master seeks redress at law, but fails.—Sufferings then and since.—Retain my post as superintendent.

CHAPTER VI.
A RESPONSIBLE JOURNEY. | 42

My marriage.—Marriage of my master.—His ruin.—Comes to me for aid.—A great enterprise undertaken.—Long and successful journey.—Incidents by the way.—Struggle between inclination and duty.—Duty triumphant.

CHAPTER VII.
A NEW HOME. | 55

Become a Methodist preacher.—My poor companions sold.—My agony.—Sent for again.—Interview with a kind Methodist preacher.—Visit free soil and begin my struggle for freedom.

CHAPTER
VIII.

RETURN TO MARYLAND. | 66

Reception from my old master.—A slave again.—Appeal to an old friend.—Buy my freedom.—Cheated and betrayed.—Back to Kentucky, and a slave again.

CHAPTER IX.
TAKEN SOUTH, AWAY FROM WIFE AND CHILDREN. | 79

Start for New Orleans.—Study navigation on the Mississippi.—The captain struck blind.—Find some of my old companions.—The lower depths.

CHAPTER X.
A TERRIBLE TEMPTATION. | 86
Sigh for death.—A murder in my heart.—The axe raised.—Conscience speaks and I am saved.—God be praised!
CHAPTER XI.
PROVIDENTIAL DELIVERANCE. | 93

Offered for sale.—Examined by purchasers.—Plead with my young master in vain.—Man's extremity, God's opportunity.—Good for evil.—Return North.—My increased value.—Resolve to be a slave no longer.

CHAPTER XII.
ESCAPE FROM BONDAGE. | 102

Solitary
Musings.—Preparations for flight.—A long good-night to master.—A dark night on the river.—Night journeys in
Indiana.—On the brink of starvation.—A kind woman.—A new style of drinking cup.—Reach Cincinnati.

CHAPTER XIII.
JOURNEY TO CANADA. | 113

Good Samaritans.—Alone in the wilderness.—Meet some
Indians.—Reach Sandusky.—Another friend.—All aboard.—Buffalo.—A
"free nigger."—Frenzy of joy on reaching Canada.

CHAPTER XIV.
NEW SCENES AND A NEW HOME. | 128

A poor man in a strange land.—Begin to acquire property.—Resume preaching.—Boys go to school.—What gave me a desire to learn to read.—A day of prayer in the woods.

CHAPTER XV.
LIFE IN CANADA. | 138
Condition of the blacks in Canada.—A tour of exploration.—Appeal to the Legislature.—Improvements.
CHAPTER XVI.
CONDUCTING SLAVES TO CANADA. | 144
Sympathy for the slaves.—James Lightfoot.—My first mission to the South.—A Kentucky company of fugitives.—Safe at home.
CHAPTER XVII.
SECOND JOURNEY ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD. | 150

A shower of stars.—Kentuckians.—A stratagem.—A providence.—Conducted across the Miami River by a cow.—Arrival at Cincinnati.—One of the party taken ill.—We leave him to die.—Meet a "friend."—A poor white man.—A strange impression.—Once more in Canada.

CHAPTER XVIII.
HOME AT DAWN. | 165

Condition in Canada.—Efforts in behalf of my people.—Rev.
Mr. Wilson.—A convention of blacks.—Manual-labor school.

CHAPTER XIX.
LUMBERING OPERATIONS. | 173

Industrial project.—Find some able friends in Boston.—Procure funds and construct a saw-mill.—Sales of lumber in Boston.—Incident in the Custom House.

CHAPTER XX.
VISIT TO ENGLAND. | 179

Debt on the institution.—A new pecuniary enterprise.—Letters of recommendation to England.—Personal difficulties.—Called an impostor.—Triumphant victory over these troubles.

CHAPTER XXI.
THE WORLD'S FAIR IN LONDON. | 187

My contribution to the great exhibition.—Difficulty with the American superintendent.—Happy release.—The great crowd.—A call from the Queen.—Medal awarded to me.

CHAPTER XXII.
VISITS TO THE RAGGED SCHOOLS. | 194

Speech at Sunday School Anniversary.—Interview with Lord Grey.—Interview with the Archbishop of Canterbury, and dinner with Lord John Russell, the great events of my life.

CHAPTER XXIII.
CLOSING UP MY LONDON AGENCY. | 203

My narrative published.—Letter from home apprising me of the sickness of my wife.—Departure from London.—Arrival at home.—Meeting with my family.—The great sorrow of my life, the death of my wife.

CHAPTER XXIV.
CLOSING CHAPTER. | 209

Containing an accurate account of the past and present condition of the fugitive slaves in Canada, with some remarks on their future prospects.

BLACK REBELLION: FIVE SLAVE REVOLTS

By Thomas Wentworth Higginson

CONTENTS

AUTHOR'S NOTE:
THE MAROONS OF JAMAICA
THE MAROONS OF SURINAM.
GABRIEL'S DEFEAT
DENMARK VESEY
NAT TURNER'S INSURRECTION
APPENDIX OF AUTHORITIES

THIRTY YEARS A SLAVE

From Bondage to Freedom

AUTOBIOGRAPHY

By Louis Hughes

CONTENTS

| PREFACE.
CHAPTER I. | LIFE ON A COTTON PLANTATION.
CHAPTER II. | SOCIAL AND OTHER ASPECTS OF SLAVERY.
CHAPTER III. | SLAVERY AND THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
CHAPTER IV. | REBELLION WEAKENING; SLAVES' HOPES STRENGTHENING.
CHAPTER V. | FREEDOM AFTER SLAVERY.

INCIDENTS

IN THE

LIFE OF A SLAVE GIRL.

Written by Herself.

By Linda Brent

CONTENTS

| PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR
| INTRODUCTION BY THE EDITOR
| INCIDENTS IN THE LIFE OF A SLAVE GIRL
I | Childhood
II | The New Master And Mistress
III | The Slaves' New Year's Day
IV | The Slave Who Dared To Feel Like A Man
V | The Trials Of Girlhood
VI | The Jealous Mistress
VII | The Lover
VIII | What Slaves Are Taught To Think Of The North
IX | Sketches Of Neighboring Slaveholders
X | A Perilous Passage In The Slave Girl's Life.
XI | The New Tie To Life
XII | Fear Of Insurrection
XIII | The Church And Slavery
XIV | Another Link To Life
XV | Continued Persecutions
XVI | Scenes At The Plantation
XVII | The Flight
XVIII | Months Of Peril
XIX | The Children Sold
XX | New Perils

XXI | The Loophole Of Retreat
XXII | Christmas Festivities
XXIII | Still In Prison
XXIV | The Candidate For Congress
XXV | Competition In Cunning
XXVI | Important Era In My Brother's Life
XXVII | New Destination For The Children
XXVIII | Aunt Nancy
XXIX | Preparations For Escape
XXX | Northward Bound
XXXI | Incidents In Philadelphia
XXXII | The Meeting Of Mother And Daughter
XXXIII | A Home Found
XXXIV | The Old Enemy Again
XXXV | Prejudice Against Color
XXXVI | The Hairbreadth Escape
XXXVII | A Visit To England
XXXVIII | Renewed Invitations To Go South
XXXIX | The Confession
XL | The Fugitive Slave Law
XLI | Free At Last
| APPENDIX

BEHIND THE SCENES.

By Elizabeth Keckley

THIRTY YEARS A SLAVE, AND FOUR YEARS IN THE WHITE HOUSE

CONTENTS

Preface | 3
Chapter I. Where I was born | 7
Chapter II. Girlhood and its Sorrows | 13
Chapter III. How I gained my Freedom | 19

Chapter IV. In the Family of Senator
Jefferson Davis

28

Chapter V. My Introduction to Mrs. Lincoln | 34
Chapter VI. Willie Lincoln's Death-bed | 41
Chapter VII. Washington in 1862-3 | 50
Chapter VIII. Candid Opinions | 57
Chapter IX. Behind the Scenes | 62
Chapter X. The Second Inauguration | 68

Chapter XI. The Assassination of President
Lincoln

77

Chapter XII. Mrs. Lincoln leaves the White
House

89

Chapter XIII. The Origin of the Rivalry between Mr. Douglas and Mr. Lincoln | 101
Chapter XIV. Old Friends | 106

Chapter XV. The Secret History of Mrs.
Lincoln's Wardrobe in New York

119

Appendix --Letters from Mrs. Lincoln to
Mrs. Keckley

147

THE SLAVERY QUESTION.

By John Lawrence

CONTENTS

CHAPTER
I.
ORIGIN OF AMERICAN SLAVERY.
THE SLAVE TRADE.

Seven millions of slaves in America—Slavery originated in the
African slave trade—Slave-trade unprovoked—Excited by lust for gold—Commenced by the Portuguese in 1434—Spaniards in 1511—English in 1556—President Edwards quoted—100,000 annually destroyed—Report made to the British House of Commons—Startling statistics—A slave ship described—Slave-trade declared to be piracy and abolishedpage 13

CHAPTER
II.
SLAVERY DEFINED.
PROPERTY IN A HUMAN BEING.

A slave is a chattel—Authorities quoted—Advertised and sold as property—Facts adduced—sale of a boy—a woman with an infant in her arms—a mother—American slave-code identical in principle with the Romanpage 30

CHAPTER
III.
SLAVERY ILLUSTRATED.
THE CHATTEL PRINCIPLE IN PRACTICE.

Slaves denied an education—Laws—Instances—Slavery disregards matrimonial connections—Painful factspage 41

CHAPTER
IV.
SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

Slavery disregards the parental and filial relations—Facts—Slave-mother’s lamentpage 56

CHAPTER
V.
SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

Slavery utterly impoverishes its victims—Exposes them to unbridled lust—unrestrained passion—irresponsible tyranny—Heart-rending incidents!page
64

CHAPTER
VI.
SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

Severity of laws against slaves—partial—unreasonable and cruel—Practice worse than the laws—Burning of slaves—Horrible examplespage 80

CHAPTER
VII.
SLAVERY AND RELIGION.

Curse of Canaan—Doubtful authority—Did not allude to slavery—A mere prediction at best—Africans not the descendants of Canaanpage 88

CHAPTER
VIII.
SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

Patriarchal servitude and slavery—No patriarch ever owned a slave—Slavery had no existence in the time of the patriarchs—Diodorus, Athenæus and Rollin quoted—The
Hebrew word SERVANT not equivalent to the
English word SLAVE—Abraham’s servants converts from idolatrypage 94

CHAPTER
IX.
SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

Law of Moses and slavery—Levitical statutes not perfect—Allowed what it would now be wrong to practice—Dr. Stowe quoted—Servitude under the law of
Moses essentially different from American slavery—Meaning of
“buy,” “heathen,” “bondmen,” and
“forever,”—Servants not stolen—Voluntary—Provision for religious improvement—Kind treatment—Could not be sold—Equal to their masters—Certain emancipation—Salvation of the heathen the primary design of introducing foreign servantspage 107

CHAPTER
X.
SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

New Testament and slavery—Servants mentioned but not SLAVES—Doulos does not mean SLAVE—New
Testament does not regulate slavery because it cannot be regulated—Slaveholders not addressed by the Apostles—Onesimus not a slave—Character of Roman slavery—Contrary to the fundamental principles of revealed religion—The character of God—Common origin of man—General Redemption—Moral precepts—And is necessarily unjust and unequalpage 124

CHAPTER
XI.
AMERICAN CHURCHES AND SLAVERY.
THE POSITION THEY OCCUPY.

Presbyterians (O. S. and N. S.)—Congregational—Methodist
Episcopal, North and South—Methodist Protestant—Wesleyan
Methodist Connection—Baptist, Regular—Freewill—Seventh
Day—Evangelical Association—United Brethren—Various
Churches—Summary Viewpage 149

CHAPTER
XII.
SLAVERY AND THE CHURCH.
NON-FELLOWSHIP WITH SLAVEHOLDERS.

Scriptural view—Church must keep slaveholders out—If they get in, it must expel them—If the Church sanction slavery officially or practically, withdraw from it—Non-slaveholding required that it may be holy—The pillar of truth—That it may honor the Scriptures—Convert the world—Be faithful to slaveholders and to slaves—Non-fellowship required by decency—humanity—If fellowshiped, we shall have slaveholding preachers, and women-sellers and cradle-plunderers for class-mates—Cases givenpage 169

CHAPTER
XIII.
SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.
OBJECTIONS ANSWERED.

Kind slaveholders—Examples—Excusable slaveholders—Slavery a political matter—Fault of the public corruption—Fault of the laws—Slaveholders from necessity—Slaves their property—All right ONLY this one thing—Take them in to convince them of the wrong—Mr. Fee’s opinionpage 184

CHAPTER
XIV.
POLITICAL DUTIES OF CHRISTIANS.
EXTIRPATION OF SLAVERY FROM THE WORLD.

Necessity of government—Obligation of political action—Voters responsible for slavery—United States Constitution does not endorse slavery—Founders of the Republic intended that slavery should die out speedily—Character of the government changed—Great work for Christian citizens—Slavery in the District—Territories—Slave
States—Throughout the worldpage 195

CHAPTER
XV.
ABOLITION OF SLAVERY.
IMMEDIATE EMANCIPATION.

The duty plain and scriptural—Break every yoke—proclaim a year of Jubilee—Slavery cannot be reformed—Slaves prepared for freedom—Free people of color—Fugitives in
Canada—West India emancipation—Colored people not dangerous when free—Amalgamation—Our fears originate in our guilt—Colonization scheme impracticable—Wrong—Watkins quoted—All objections mere excuses—We must emancipate to escape the judgments of God—Too long delayed—A good examplepage 206

CHAPTER
XVI.
WHAT OF THE NIGHT?
THERE IS HOPE IN GOD ONLY.

The government intensely pro-slavery—Political horizon lowering—The great denominations and benevolent societies heartily supporting slavery—Ecclesiastical heavens dark—Deep prejudices in the masses of the people—Douglass quoted—God is on the side of the oppressed—He is stirring the nation—Question cannot rest—Agitation goes on—Truth is on the side of the slave—Literature coming to his aid—A pure Church arising to plead his cause—“Toil and trust.”page 219

JOURNAL OF A WEST INDIA PROPRIETOR,

Kept During a Residence in The Island of Jamaica

By Matthew Gregory Lewis

CONTENTS

ADVERTISEMENT.
JOURNAL OF A WEST INDIA PROPRIETOR
1815. NOVEMBER 8.
1816.—JANUARY 1.
1817.
1818.—JANUARY 1.

THE NEGRO AND THE NATION

A History of American Slavery
and Enfranchisement

By George S. Merriam

CONTENTS

| CHAPTER | PAGE
I. | How Slavery Grew in America | 1
II. | The Acts of the Fathers | 8
III. | Conflict and Compromise | 21
IV. | The Widening Rift | 28
V. | Calhoun and Garrison | 46
VI. | Birney, Channing and Webster | 58
VII. | The Underlying Forces | 67
VIII. | The Mexican War | 71
IX. | How to Deal with the Territories | 79
X. | The Compromise of 1850 | 84
XI. | A Lull and a Retrospect | 92
XII. | Slavery as It Was | 97
XIII. | The Struggle for Kansas | 112
XIV. | "Fremont and Freedom" | 122
XV. | Three Typical Southerners | 132
XVI. | Some Northern Leaders | 140
XVII. | Dred Scott and Lecompton | 147
XVIII. | John Brown | 158
XIX. | Abraham Lincoln | 172
XX. | The Election of 1860 | 185
XXI. | Face to Face | 197
XXII. | How They Differed | 205
XXIII. | Why They Fought | 211
XXIV. | On Niagara's Brink—and Over | 221
XXV. | The Civil War | 237
XXVI. | Emancipation Begun | 248
XXVII. | Emancipation Achieved | 258
XXVIII. | Reconstruction: Experiments and Ideals | 267
XXIX. | Reconstruction: The First Plan | 274
XXX. | Congress and the "Black Codes" | 281
XXXI. | Reconstruction: The Second Plan | 294
XXXII. | Reconstruction: The Final Plan | 306
XXXIII. | Reconstruction: The Working Out | 316
XXXIV. | Three Troubled States | 331
XXXV. | Reconstruction: The Last Act | 344
XXXVI. | Regeneration | 354
XXXVII. | Armstrong | 362
XXXVIII. | Evolution | 371
XXXIX. | Ebb and Flow | 382
XL. | Looking Forward | 391
| Index | 413

THE SEA-WITCH:

OR, THE AFRICAN QUADROON A STORY OF THE SLAVE COAST.

By Lieutenant Murray

CONTENTS

I.

OUTWARD
BOUND.

II.

CAPTAIN
WILL RATLIN.

III.

THE
GALE.

IV.

BRAMBLE
PARK.

V.

THE
NAVAL OFFICER.

VI.

THE
WRECK.

VII.

THE
SEA WITCH.

VIII.

THE
QUADROON.

IX.

THE
ATTACK.

X.

THE
DUEL.

XI.

THE
HUES OF LOVE.

XII.

THE
CONFLICT.

XIII.

THE
TRIAL.

XIV.

THE
BROTHERS.

XV.

THE
ESCAPE.

XVI.

THE
CANNIBALS.

XVII.

THE
POISONED BARB.

XVIII.

THE
DENOUEMENT.

TWELVE YEARS A SLAVE

NARRATIVE OF SOLOMON NORTHUP, A CITIZEN OF NEW-YORK, KIDNAPPED IN
WASHINGTON CITY IN 1841, AND RESCUED IN 1853 FROM A COTTON PLANTATION NEAR
THE RED RIVER, IN LOUISIANA.

Buffalo: Derby, Orton And Mulligan.

1853

CONTENTS

page.

Editor's
Preface,

15

CHAPTER
I.

Introductory—Ancestry—The Northup Family—Birth and
Parentage—Mintus Northup—Marriage with Anne Hampton—Good
Resolutions—Champlain Canal—Rafting Excursion to Canada—Farming—The
Violin—Cooking—Removal to Saratoga—Parker and
Perry—Slaves and Slavery—The Children—The
Beginning of Sorrow,

17

CHAPTER
II.

The two Strangers—The Circus Company—Departure from
Saratoga—Ventriloquism and Legerdemain—Journey to
New-York—Free Papers—Brown and Hamilton—The haste to reach the Circus—Arrival in Washington—Funeral of
Harrison—The Sudden Sickness—The Torment of Thirst—The
Receding Light—Insensibility—Chains and Darkness,

28

CHAPTER
III.

Painful Meditations—James H. Burch—Williams' Slave Pen in Washington—The Lackey, Radburn—Assert my Freedom—The
Anger of the Trader—The Paddle and Cat-o'-nine-tails—The
Whipping—New Acquaintances—Ray, Williams, and Randall—Arrival of Little Emily and her Mother in the Pen—Maternal Sorrows—The
Story of Eliza,

40

CHAPTER
IV.

Eliza's Sorrows—Preparation to Embark—Driven Through the
Streets of Washington—Hail, Columbia—The Tomb of
Washington—Clem Ray—The Breakfast on the Steamer—The happy Birds—Aquia Creek—Fredericksburgh—Arrival in
Richmond—Goodin and his Slave Pen—Robert, of Cincinnati—David and his Wife—Mary and Lethe—Clem's Return—His subsequent Escape to Canada—The Brig Orleans—James H.
Burch,

54

CHAPTER
V.

Arrival at Norfolk—Frederick and Maria—Arthur, the
Freeman—Appointed Steward—Jim, Cuffee, and Jenny—The
Storm—Bahama Banks—The Calm—The Conspiracy—The
Long Boat—The Small-Pox—Death of Robert—Manning, the Sailor—The Meeting in the Forecastle—The Letter—Arrival at New-Orleans—Arthur's Rescue—Theophilus Freeman, the
Consignee—Platt—First Night in the New-Orleans Slave
Pen,

65

CHAPTER
VI.

Freeman's Industry—Cleanliness and Clothes—Exercising in the Show Room—The Dance—Bob, the Fiddler—Arrival of Customers—Slaves Examined—The Old Gentleman of
New-Orleans—Sale of David, Caroline, and Lethe—Parting of Randall and Eliza—Small-Pox—The Hospital—Recovery and Return to Freeman's Slave Pen—The Purchaser of Eliza,
Harry, and Platt—Eliza's Agony on Parting from Little Emily,

78

CHAPTER
VII.

The Steamboat Rodolph—Departure from New-Orleans—William
Ford—Arrival at Alexandria, on Red River—Resolutions—The
Great Pine Woods—Wild Cattle—Martin's Summer Residence—The
Texas Road—Arrival at Master Ford's—Rose—Mistress
Ford—Sally and her Children—John, the Cook—Walter,
Sam, and Antony—The Mills on Indian Creek—Sabbath Days—Sam's
Conversion—The Profit of Kindness—Rafting—Adam
Taydem, the Little White Man—Cascalla and his Tribe—The
Indian Ball—John M. Tibeats—The Storm approaching,

89

CHAPTER
VIII.

Ford's Embarrassments—The Sale to Tibeats—The Chattel
Mortgage—Mistress Ford's Plantation on Bayou Bœuf—Description of the Latter—Ford's Brother-in-law, Peter Tanner—Meeting with Eliza—She still Mourns for her Children—Ford's
Overseer, Chapin—Tibeats' Abuse—The Keg of Nails—The
First Fight with Tibeats—His Discomfiture and Castigation—The attempt to Hang me—Chapin's Interference and Speech—Unhappy
Reflections—Abrupt Departure of Tibeats, Cook, and Ramsey—Lawson and the Brown Mule—Message to the Pine Woods,

105

CHAPTER
IX.

The Hot Sun—Yet bound—The Cords sink into my Flesh—Chapin's
Uneasiness—Speculation—Rachel, and her Cup of Water—Suffering increases—The Happiness of Slavery—Arrival of Ford—He cuts the Cords which bind me, and takes the Rope from my Neck—Misery—The gathering of the Slaves in Eliza's Cabin—Their Kindness—Rachel
Repeats the Occurrences of the Day—Lawson entertains his
Companions with an Account of his Ride—Chapin's apprehensions of Tibeats—Hired to Peter Tanner—Peter expounds the
Scriptures—Description of the Stocks,

118

CHAPTER
X.

Return to Tibeats—Impossibility of pleasing him—He attacks me with a Hatchet—The Struggle over the Broad Axe—The
Temptation to Murder him—Escape across the Plantation—Observations from the Fence—Tibeats approaches, followed by the Hounds—They take my Track—Their loud Yells—They almost overtake me—I reach the Water—The Hounds confused—Moccasin Snakes—Alligators—Night in the "Great Pacoudrie Swamp"—The Sounds of Life— North-West
Course—Emerge into the Pine Woods—Slave and his Young
Master—Arrival at Ford's—Food and Rest,

131

CHAPTER
XI.

The Mistress' Garden—The Crimson and Golden Fruit—Orange and Pomegranate Trees—Return to Bayou Bœuf—Master
Ford's Remarks on the way—The Meeting-with Tibeats—His
Account of the Chase—Ford censures his Brutality—Arrival at the Plantation—Astonishment of the Slaves on seeing me—The anticipated Flogging—Kentucky John—Mr. Eldret, the
Planter—Eldret's Sam—Trip to the "Big Cane Brake"—The
Tradition of "Sutton's Field"—Forest Trees—Gnats and
Mosquitoes—The Arrival of Black Women in the Big Cane—Lumber
Women—Sudden Appearance of Tibeats—His Provoking
Treatment—Visit to Bayou Bœuf—The Slave Pass—Southern
Hospitality—The Last of Eliza—Sale to Edwin Epps,

146

CHAPTER
XII.

Personal Appearance of Epps—Epps, Drunk and Sober—A
Glimpse of his History—Cotton Growing—The Mode of
Ploughing and Preparing Ground—Of Planting, of Hoeing, of
Picking, of Treating Raw Hands—The difference in Cotton
Pickers—Patsey a remarkable one—Tasked according to
Ability—Beauty of a Cotton Field—The Slave's Labors—Fear of Approaching the Gin-House—Weighing—"Chores"—Cabin
Life—The Corn Mill—The Uses of the Gourd—Fear of
Oversleeping—Fear continually—Mode of Cultivating Corn—Sweet
Potatoes—Fertility of the Soil—Fattening Hogs—Preserving
Bacon—Raising Cattle—Shooting-Matches—Garden
Products—Flowers and Verdure,

162

CHAPTER
XIII.

The Curious Axe-Helve—Symptoms of approaching Illness—Continue to decline—The Whip ineffectual—Confined to the Cabin—Visit by Dr. Wines—Partial Recovery—Failure at Cotton Picking—What may be heard on Epps' Plantation—Lashes
Graduated—Epps in a Whipping Mood—Epps in a Dancing Mood—Description of the Dance—Loss of Rest no Excuse—Epps'
Characteristics—Jim Burns—Removal from Huff Power to
Bayou Bœuf—Description of Uncle Abram; of Wiley; of Aunt
Phebe; of Bob, Henry, and Edward; of Patsey; with a Genealogical
Account of each—Something of their Past History, and Peculiar
Characteristics— Jealousy and Lust—Patsey, the Victim,

176

CHAPTER
XIV.

Destruction of the Cotton Crop in 1845—Demand for Laborers in
St. Mary's Parish—Sent thither in a Drove—The Order of the March—The Grand Coteau—Hired to Judge Turner on
Bayou Salle—Appointed Driver in his Sugar House—Sunday
Services—Slave Furniture; how obtained—The Party at
Yarney's, in Centreville—Good Fortune—The Captain of the
Steamer—His Refusal to Secrete me—Return to Bayou Bœuf—Sight of Tibeats—Patsey's Sorrows—Tumult and Contention—Hunting the Coon and Opossum—The Cunning of the latter—The Lean
Condition of the Slave—Description of the Fish Trap—The
Murder of the Man from Natchez—Epps Challenged by Marshall—The
Influence of Slavery—The Love of Freedom,

191

CHAPTER
XV.

Labors on Sugar Plantations—The Mode of Planting Cane—of
Hoeing Cane—Cane Ricks—Cutting Cane—Description of the Cane Knife—Winrowing—Preparing for Succeeding Crops—Description of Hawkins' Sugar Mill on Bayou Bœuf—The Christmas
Holidays—The Carnival Season of the Children of Bondage—The
Christmas Supper—Red, the Favorite Color—The Violin, and the Consolation it afforded—The Christmas Dance—Lively, the Coquette—Sam Roberts, and his Rivals—Slave Songs—Southern
Life as it is—Three Days in the Year—The System of
Marriage—Uncle Abram's Contempt of Matrimony,

208

CHAPTER
XVI.

Overseers—How they are Armed and Accompanied—The Homicide—His
Execution at Marksville—Slave Drivers—Appointed Driver on removing to Bayou Bœuf—Practice makes perfect—Epps's
Attempt to Cut Platt's Throat—The Escape from him—Protected by the Mistress—Forbids Reading and Writing—Obtain a
Sheet of Paper after Nine Years' Effort—The Letter—Armsby, the Mean White—Partially confide in him—His Treachery—Epps'
Suspicions—How they were quieted—Burning the Letter—Armsby leaves the Bayou—Disappointment and Despair,

223

CHAPTER
XVII.

Wiley disregards the counsels of Aunt Phebe and Uncle Abram, and is caught by the Patrollers—The Organization and Duties of the latter—Wiley Runs Away—Speculations in regard to him—His
Unexpected Return—His Capture on the Red River, and
Confinement in Alexandria Jail—Discovered by Joseph B. Roberts—Subduing
Dogs in anticipation of Escape—The Fugitives in the Great Pine
Woods—Captured by Adam Taydem and the Indians—Augustus killed by Dogs—Nelly, Eldret's Slave Woman—The Story of
Celeste—The Concerted Movement—Lew Cheney, the Traitor—The
Idea of Insurrection,

236

CHAPTER
XVIII.

O'Niel, the Tanner—Conversation with Aunt Phebe overheard—Epps in the Tanning Business—Stabbing of Uncle Abram—The Ugly
Wound—Epps is Jealous—Patsey is Missing—Her Return from Shaw's—Harriet, Shaw's Black Wife—Epps Enraged—Patsey denies his Charges—She is Tied Down Naked to Four Stakes—The
Inhuman Flogging—Flaying of Patsey—The Beauty of the Day—The
Bucket of Salt Water—The Dress stiff with Blood—Patsey grows Melancholy—Her Idea of God and Eternity—Of Heaven and Freedom—The Effect of Slave-Whipping—Epps' Oldest
Son—"The Child is Father to the Man,"

250

CHAPTER
XIX.

Avery, on Bayou Rouge—Peculiarity of Dwellings—Epps builds a
New House—Bass, the Carpenter—His Noble Qualities—His
Personal Appearance and Eccentricities—Bass and Epps discuss the Question of Slavery—Epps' Opinion of Bass—I make myself known to him—Our Conversation—His Surprise—The
Midnight Meeting on the Bayou Bank—Bass' Assurances—Declares
War against Slavery—Why I did not Disclose my History—Bass writes Letters—Copy of his Letter to Messrs. Parker and Perry—The
Fever of Suspense—Disappointments—Bass endeavors to cheer me—My Faith in him,

263

CHAPTER
XX.

Bass faithful to his word—His Arrival on Christmas Eve—The
Difficulty of Obtaining an Interview—The Meeting in the Cabin—Non-arrival of the Letter—Bass announces his Intention to proceed North—Christmas—Conversation between Epps and Bass—Young Mistress McCoy, the Beauty of
Bayou Bœuf—The "Ne plus ultra" of Dinners—Music and Dancing—Presence of the Mistress—Her Exceeding
Beauty—The Last Slave Dance—William Pierce—Oversleep myself—The Last Whipping—Despondency—Cold Morning—Epps'
Threats—The Passing Carriage—Strangers approaching through the Cotton-Field—Last Hour on Bayou Bœuf,

279

CHAPTER
XXI.

The Letter reaches Saratoga—Is forwarded to Anne—Is laid before Henry B. Northup—The Statute of May 14, 1840—Its
Provisions—Anne's Memorial to the Governor—The affidavits Accompanying it—Senator Soule's Letter—Departure of the Agent appointed by the Governor—Arrival at Marksville—The
Hon. John P. Waddill—The Conversation on New-York Politics—It suggests a Fortunate Idea—The Meeting with Bass—The
Secret out—Legal Proceedings instituted—Departure of
Northup and the Sheriff from Marksville for Bayou Bœuf—Arrangements on the Way—Reach Epps' Plantation—Discover his Slaves in the Cotton-Field—The Meeting—The Farewell,

289

CHAPTER
XXII.

Arrival in New-Orleans—Glimpse of Freeman—Genois, the
Recorder—His Description of Solomon—Reach Charleston
Interrupted by Custom House Officers—Pass through Richmond—Arrival in Washington—Burch Arrested—Shekels and Thorn—Their
Testimony—Burch Acquitted—Arrest of Solomon—Burch withdraws the Complaint—The Higher Tribunal—Departure from Washington—Arrival at Sandy Hill—Old Friends and
Familiar Scenes—Proceed to Glens Falls—Meeting with
Anne, Margaret, and Elizabeth—Solomon Northup Staunton—Incidents—Conclusion,

310

Appendix,

323

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Portrait of Solomon in his Plantation Suit
Scene in the Slave Pen at Washington,
Separation of Eliza and her last Child,
Chapin rescues Solomon from Hanging,

The
Staking out and Flogging of the girl Patsey,

Scene in the Cotton Field, and Solomon's Delivery,

Arrival
Home, and first meeting with his Wife and Children,

FROM SLAVE TO COLLEGE PRESIDENT

BEING THE LIFE STORY OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

By G. Holden Pike

CONTENTS

CHAP. | | PAGE
I. | WANTED: A MAN—THE MAN FOUND | 1
II. | THE ERA OF FREEDOM—REALISING THAT KNOWLEDGE IS POWER | 16
III. | OFF TO HAMPTON—WAS HE A LIKELY CANDIDATE? | 32

IV.

GENERAL ARMSTRONG—HIS PREDECESSORS AND COLLABORATORS—PIONEERS
OF THE NEW ERA

41

V. | UPS AND DOWNS—PROGRESS AS A STUDENT—BEGINNING TO TEACH | 49
VI. | AMERICAN INDIANS—WORK AT HAMPTON | 60
VII. | THE BEGINNING OF A LIFE WORK | 71
VIII. | SOME ACTUAL RESULTS—POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENTS | 85
IX. | CONTINUED PROGRESS—POPULARITY AS A SPEAKER | 94
X. | VISIT TO EUROPE—RETURN TO TUSKEGEE | 104

THE BROTHERS' WAR

By John C. Reed

CONTENTS

Chapter | | Page
I. | Introductory | 1
II. | A Beginning made with Slavery | 35
III. | Unappeasable Antagonism of Free and Slave Labor | 45

IV.

Genesis, Course, and Goal of Southern
Nationalization

51

V. | American Nationalization, and how it made the Bond of Union stronger and stronger | 62
VI. | Root-and-Branch Abolitionists and Fire-eaters | 84
VII. | Calhoun | 93
VIII. | Webster | 130
IX. | “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” | 161
X. | Slavery impelled into a Defensive Aggressive | 208
XI. | Toombs | 212
XII. | Help to the Union Cause by Powers in the Unseen | 282
XIII. | Jefferson Davis | 296
XIV. | The Curse and Blessing of Slavery | 330

XV.

The Brothers on Each Side were True Patriots and
Morally Right—both those who fought for the Union and those who fought for the Confederacy

346

XVI. | The Race Question: General and Introductory | 359
XVII. | The Race Question: the Situation in Detail | 378
| Appendix | 429
| Index | 451

THE BOY SLAVES.

By Capt. Mayne Reid

CONTENTS

AUTHOR'S
NOTE.

MEMOIR
OF MAYNE REID.

CHAPTER
I

The Land of the Slave

CHAPTER
II

Types of the Triple Kingdom

CHAPTER
III

The Serpent's Tongue

CHAPTER
IV

'Ware the Tide!

CHAPTER
V

A False Guide

CHAPTER
VI

Wade or Swim?

CHAPTER
VII

A Compulsory Parting

CHAPTER
VIII

Safe Ashore

CHAPTER
IX

Uncomfortable Quarters

CHAPTER
XI

'Ware the Sand!

CHAPTER
XII

A Mysterious Nightmare

CHAPTER
XIII

The Maherry

CHAPTER
XIV

A Liquid Breakfast

CHAPTER
XV

The Sailor among the Shell-fish

CHAPTER
XVI

Keeping under Cover

CHAPTER
XVII

The Trail on the Sand

CHAPTER
XVIII

The "Desert Ship"

CHAPTER
XIX

Homeward Bound

CHAPTER
XX

The Dance Interrupted

CHAPTER
XXI

A Serio-Comical Reception

CHAPTER
XXII

The Two Sheiks

CHAPTER
XXIII

Sailor Bill Beshrewed

CHAPTER
XXIV

Starting on the Track

CHAPTER
XXV

Bill to be Abandoned

CHAPTER
XXVI

A Cautious Retreat

CHAPTER
XXVII

A Queer Quadruped

CHAPTER
XXVIII

The Hue and Cry

CHAPTER
XXIX

A Subaqueous Asylum

CHAPTER
XXX

The Pursuers Nonplussed

CHAPTER
XXXI

A Double Predicament

CHAPTER
XXXII

Once more the mocking Laugh

CHAPTER
XXXIII

A Cunning Sheik

CHAPTER
XXXIV

A Queer Encounter

CHAPTER
XXXV

Holding on to the Hump

CHAPTER
XXXVI

Our Adventures in Undress

CHAPTER
XXXVII

The Captives in Conversation

CHAPTER
XXXVIII

The Douar at Dawn

CHAPTER
XXXIX

An Obstinate Dromedary

CHAPTER
XL

Watering the Camels

CHAPTER
XLI

A Squabble between the Sheiks

CHAPTER
XLII

The Trio Staked

CHAPTER
XLIII

Golah

CHAPTER
XLIV

A Day of Agony

CHAPTER
XLV

Colin in Luck

CHAPTER
XLVI

Sailor Bill's Experiment

CHAPTER
XLVII

An Unjust Reward

CHAPTER
XLVIII

The Waterless Well

CHAPTER
XLIX

The Well

CHAPTER
L

A Momentous Inquiry

CHAPTER
LI

A Living Grave

CHAPTER
LII

The Sheik's Plan of Revenge

CHAPTER
LIII

Captured Again

CHAPTER
LIV

An Unfaithful Wife

CHAPTER
LV

Two Faithful Wives

CHAPTER
LVI

Fatima's Fate

CHAPTER
LVII

Further Defection

CHAPTER
LVIII

A Call for Two More

CHAPTER
LIX

Once More by the Sea

CHAPTER
LX

Golah Calls Again

CHAPTER
LXI

Sailor Bill Standing Sentry

CHAPTER
LXII

Golah Fulfils his Destiny

CHAPTER
LXIII

On the Edge of the Saära

CHAPTER
LXIV

The Rival Wreckers

CHAPTER
LXV

Another White Slave

CHAPTER
LXVI

Sailor Bill's Brother

CHAPTER
LXVII

A Living Stream

CHAPTER
LXVIII

The Arabs at Home

CHAPTER
LXIX

Work or Die

CHAPTER
LXX

Victory!

CHAPTER
LXXI

Sold Again

CHAPTER
LXXII

Onward Once More

CHAPTER
LXXIII

Another Bargain

CHAPTER
LXXIV

More Torture

CHAPTER
LXXV

En Route

CHAPTER
LXXVI

Hope Deferred

CHAPTER
LXXVII

El Hajji

CHAPTER
LXXVIII

Bo Muzem's Journey

CHAPTER
LXXIX

Rais Mourad

CHAPTER
LXXX

Bo Muzem Back Again

CHAPTER
LXXXI

A Pursuit

CHAPTER
LXXXII

Moorish Justice

CHAPTER
LXXXIII

The Jew's Leap

CHAPTER
LXXXIV

Conclusion

ILLUSTRATIONS

THE
DEATH OF GOLAH.

'WARE
THE TIDE

THE
OLD SAILOR SUCCEEDS IN GATHERING SOME SHELL-FISH.

THE
SHEIK CAPTURED

TWENTY-TWO YEARS A SLAVE

AND FORTY YEARS A FREEMAN

By Austin Steward

1856

CONTENTS

PREFACE.
CHAPTER I. | SLAVE LIFE ON THE PLANTATION.
CHAPTER II. | AT THE GREAT HOUSE.
CHAPTER III. | HORSE-RACING AND ITS CONSEQUENCES.
CHAPTER IV. | JOURNEY TO OUR NEW HOME IN NEW YORK.
CHAPTER V. | INCIDENTS AT SODUS BAY.
CHAPTER VI. | REMOVAL FROM SODUS TO BATH.
CHAPTER VII. | DUELING.
CHAPTER VIII. | HORSE-RACING AND GENERAL TRAINING.
CHAPTER IX. | DEATH BED AND BRIDAL SCENES.
CHAPTER X. | HIRED OUT TO A NEW MASTER.
CHAPTER XI. | THOUGHTS ON FREEDOM.
CHAPTER XII. | CAPT. HELM—DIVORCE—KIDNAPPING.
CHAPTER XIII. | LOCATE IN THE VILLAGE OF ROCHESTER.
CHAPTER XIV. | INCIDENTS IN ROCHESTER AND VICINITY.
CHAPTER XV. | SAD REVERSES OF CAPT. HELM.
CHAPTER XVI. | BRITISH EMANCIPATION OF SLAVERY.
CHAPTER XVII. | ORATION—TERMINATION OF SLAVERY.
CHAPTER XVIII. | CONDITION OF FREE COLORED PEOPLE.
CHAPTER XIX. | PERSECUTION OF THE COLORED PEOPLE.
CHAPTER XX. | REMOVAL TO CANADA.
CHAPTER XXI. | ROUGHING IT IN THE WILDS OF CANADA.
CHAPTER XXII. | NARROW ESCAPE OF A SMUGGLER.
CHAPTER XXIII. | NARRATIVE OF TWO FUGITIVES FROM VIRGINIA.
CHAPTER XXIV. | PLEASANT RE-UNION OF OLD AND TRIED FRIENDS.
CHAPTER XXV. | PRIVATE LOSSES AND PRIVATE DIFFICULTIES.
CHAPTER XXVI. | INCIDENTS AND PECULIARITIES OF THE INDIANS.
CHAPTER XXVII. | OUR DIFFICULTIES WITH ISRAEL LEWIS.
CHAPTER XXVIII. | DESPERATION OF A FUGITIVE SLAVE.
CHAPTER XXIX. | A NARROW ESCAPE FROM MY ENEMIES.
CHAPTER XXX. | DEATH OF B. PAUL, AND RETURN OF HIS BROTHER.
CHAPTER XXXI. | MY FAMILY RETURN TO ROCHESTER.
CHAPTER XXXII. | THE LAND AGENT AND THE SQUATTER.
CHAPTER XXXIII. | CHARACTER AND DEATH OF I. LEWIS.
CHAPTER XXXIV. | MY RETURN TO ROCHESTER.
CHAPTER XXXV. | BISHOP BROWN—DEATH OF MY DAUGHTER.
CHAPTER XXXVI. | CELEBRATION OF THE FIRST OF AUGUST.
CHAPTER XXXVII. | CONCLUSION.
CORRESPONDENCE.

THE STORY OF MATTIE J. JACKSON

Her Parentage-Experience of Eighteen Years in Slavery-Incidents During the
War-Her Escape from Slavery

By Dr. L. S. Thompson

CONTENTS

MATTIE'S
STORY

5

THEIR
ATTEMPT TO MAKE THEIR ESCAPE

9

THE
SOLDIERS, AND OUR TREATMENT DURING THE WAR

13

MR.
LEWIS CALLS AT THE BOARDING HOUSE

17

RELEASED
FROM THE TRADER'S YARD AND TAKEN TO HER NEW MASTER

19

CAPT.
TIRRELL REMOVES THE FAMILY—ANOTHER STRATEGY

20

THE
FARE AT THEIR NEW HOMES

25

MATTIE
IN INDIANAPOLIS—THE GLORY OF FREEDOM—LINCOLN

28

SISTER
LOST—MOTHER'S ESCAPE

31

MOTHER'S
MARRIAGE

33

MATTIE
MEETS HER OLD MASTER—GOES TO SERVICE—IS SENT FOR

33

SUMMARY | | 37
CHRISTIANITY | | 38

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Table of Contents

INDEX OF PROJECT GUTENBERG WORKS ON BLACK HISTORY

- Compiled by David Widger

- CONTENTS

- Click on the ## before many of the titles to view a linked table of contents for that volume. Click on the title itself to open the original online file.

TABLES OF CONTENTS OF VOLUMES

POEMS

- ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS,

- (Negro Servant To Mr. John Wheatley, Of Boston, In New-England)

- 1771

- CONTENTS

NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS

- AN AMERICAN SLAVE. WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.

- CONTENTS

ADDITIONAL PROJECT GUTENBERG COLLECTED ARTICLES

- CONTENTS

MY BONDAGE and MY FREEDOM

- CONTENTS

UP FROM SLAVERY: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

- CONTENTS

THE NEGRO PROBLEM

- CONTENTS

A NEGRO EXPLORER AT THE NORTH POLE

- With A Foreword By Robert E. Peary Rear Admiral, U. S. N., Retired And An Introduction By Booker T. Washington CONTENTS

- ILLUSTRATIONS

THE FUTURE OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO

- CONTENTS

TUSKEGEE AND ITS PEOPLE

- CONTENTS

- ILLUSTRATIONS

SHADOW and LIGHT

- AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY With Reminiscences Of The Last And Present Century.

- CONTENTS

- ILLUSTRATIONS.

THE NEGRO IN THE SOUTH

- Being the William Levi Bull Lectures for the Year 1907

- CONTENTS

THE SOULS OF BLACK FOLK

- CONTENTS

DARKWATER

- Voices from within the Veil By W.E.B. Du Bois

- CONTENTS

THE QUEST OF THE SILVER FLEECE

- 1911 CONTENTS

THE NEGRO

- CONTENTS

- MAPS

THE SUPPRESSION OF THE AFRICAN SLAVE-TRADE TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

- 1638-1870

- Volume I, Harvard Historical Studies

- 1896

- CONTENTS

THE NEGRO IN THE SOUTH

- Being the William Levi Bull Lectures for the Year 1907

- and

- W.E. Burghardt Dubois

- CONTENTS

OUR WORLD:

- OR, THE SLAVEHOLDER'S DAUGHTER.

- 1855. CONTENTS

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

- VOL. I., No. 1 JANUARY, 1916

- Edited By Carter G. Woodson

- CONTENTS
- VOL. I., NO. 2, APRIL, 1916 CONTENTS
- VOL. I., NO. 3, JUNE, 1916 CONTENTS
- VOL. I., NO. 4, OCTOBER, 1916 CONTENTS
- INDEX TO VOLUME I.

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

- VOLUME II. 1917

- CONTENTS VOLUME II. 1917— NO. 2
- VOL II—APRIL, 1917—NO. 2
- Vol II—JULY, 1917—NO. 3
- VOL. II—OCTOBER, 1917—No. 4

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

- VOLUME III. 1918

- CONTENTS VOL. III.-JANUARY, 1918-NO. 1
- VOL. III.-APRIL, 1918-NO. 2
- VOL. III,-JULY, 1918-NO. 3
- VOL. III.-OCTOBER, 1918-NO. 4

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

- VOLUME IV. 1919

- CONTENTS VOL. IV.-JANUARY, 1919-NO. 1
- VOL. IV.-APRIL, 1919-NO. 2
- VOL. IV.-JULY, 1919-NO. 3
- VOL. IV.-OCTOBER, 1919-NO. 4

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

- VOLUME V. 1920

- CONTENTS VOL. V.-JANUARY, 1920-NO. 1
- VOL. V.-APRIL, 1920-NO. 2
- VOL. V.-JULY, 1920-NO. 3
- VOL. V.-OCTOBER, 1920-NO. 4

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD FROM SLAVERY TO FREEDOM

- A COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY

- CONTENTS

- ILLUSTRATIONS, PORTRAITS, FACSIMILES AND MAPS

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

- A RECORD OF FACTS, AUTHENTIC NARRATIVE, LETTERS, &C., By William Still

- ILLUSTRATIONS

- CONTENTS

CLOTELLE; OR, THE COLORED HEROINE.

- A TALE OF THE SOUTHERN STATES. By William Wells Brown

- CONTENTS

ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF THE LIFE AND ESCAPE OF WM. WELLS BROWN FROM AMERICAN SLAVERY

- Written By Himself.

- CONTENTS

NARRATIVE OF WILLIAM W. BROWN

- A Fugitive Slave Written By Himself

- CONTENTS

DRED A TALE OF THE GREAT DISMAL SWAMP

- CONTENTS.

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN or Life among the Lowly

- CONTENTS

STEP BY STEP

- or, TIDY'S WAY TO FREEDOM.

- CONTENTS

THE IRON FURNACE:

- OR,SLAVERY AND SECESSION

- CONTENTS

A SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO

- CONTENTS
- CHAPTER I THE COMING OF NEGROES TO AMERICA
- CHAPTER II THE NEGRO IN THE COLONIES
- CHAPTER III THE REVOLUTIONARY ERA

- CHAPTER IV THE NEW WEST, THE SOUTH, AND THE WEST INDIES

- CHAPTER V INDIAN AND NEGRO

- CHAPTER VI EARLY APPROACH TO THE NEGRO PROBLEM

- CHAPTER VII THE NEGRO REPLYâ?" I: REVOLT

- CHAPTER VIII THE NEGRO REPLYâ?"II: ORGANIZATION AND AGITATION

- CHAPTER IX LIBERIA

- CHAPTER X THE NEGRO A NATIONAL ISSUE

- CHAPTER XI SOCIAL PROGRESS, 1820-1860 CHAPTER XII THE CIVIL WAR AND EMANCIPATION CHAPTER XIII THE ERA OF ENFRANCHISEMENT

- CHAPTER XIV THE NEGRO IN THE NEW SOUTH
- CHAPTER XV "THE VALE OF TEARS," 1890-1910
- CHAPTER XVI THE NEGRO IN THE NEW AGE
- CHAPTER XVII THE NEGRO PROBLEM

TWENTY YEARS OF AN AFRICAN SLAVER

- CONTENTS.

THE WHITE SLAVES OF ENGLAND

- Compiled From Official Documents.

- CONTENTS

THE BLACK EXPERIENCE IN AMERICA

- CONTENTS

WHERE THE TWAIN MEET

- CONTENTS

FATHER HENSON'S STORY OF HIS OWN LIFE.

- CONTENTS

BLACK REBELLION: FIVE SLAVE REVOLTS

- CONTENTS

THIRTY YEARS A SLAVE

- From Bondage to Freedom

- AUTOBIOGRAPHY

- CONTENTS

INCIDENTS

- IN THE LIFE OF A SLAVE GIRL.

- Written by Herself.

- CONTENTS

BEHIND THE SCENES.

- THIRTY YEARS A SLAVE, AND FOUR YEARS IN THE WHITE HOUSE

- CONTENTS

THE SLAVERY QUESTION.

- CONTENTS

- CHAPTER I. ORIGIN OF AMERICAN SLAVERY. THE SLAVE TRADE.

- CHAPTER II. SLAVERY DEFINED. PROPERTY IN A HUMAN BEING.

- CHAPTER III. SLAVERY ILLUSTRATED. THE CHATTEL PRINCIPLE IN PRACTICE.

- CHAPTER IV. SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

- CHAPTER V. SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

- CHAPTER VI. SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

- CHAPTER VII. SLAVERY AND RELIGION.

- CHAPTER VIII. SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

- CHAPTER IX. SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

- CHAPTER X. SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

- CHAPTER XI. AMERICAN CHURCHES AND SLAVERY. THE POSITION THEY OCCUPY.

- CHAPTER XII. SLAVERY AND THE CHURCH. NON-FELLOWSHIP WITH SLAVEHOLDERS.

- CHAPTER XIII. SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED. OBJECTIONS ANSWERED.

- CHAPTER XIV. POLITICAL DUTIES OF CHRISTIANS. EXTIRPATION OF SLAVERY FROM THE WORLD.

- CHAPTER XV. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY. IMMEDIATE EMANCIPATION.

- CHAPTER XVI. WHAT OF THE NIGHT? THERE IS HOPE IN GOD ONLY.

JOURNAL OF A WEST INDIA PROPRIETOR,

- Kept During a Residence in The Island of Jamaica

- CONTENTS

THE NEGRO AND THE NATION

- A History of American Slavery and Enfranchisement

- CONTENTS

THE SEA-WITCH:

- OR, THE AFRICAN QUADROON A STORY OF THE SLAVE COAST. By Lieutenant Murray

- CONTENTS

TWELVE YEARS A SLAVE

- NARRATIVE OF SOLOMON NORTHUP, A CITIZEN OF NEW-YORK, KIDNAPPED IN WASHINGTON CITY IN 1841, AND RESCUED IN 1853 FROM A COTTON PLANTATION NEAR THE RED RIVER, IN LOUISIANA.

- Buffalo: Derby, Orton And Mulligan. 1853
- CONTENTS
- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FROM SLAVE TO COLLEGE PRESIDENT

- BEING THE LIFE STORY OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

- CONTENTS

THE BROTHERS' WAR

- CONTENTS

THE BOY SLAVES.

- CONTENTS

- ILLUSTRATIONS

TWENTY-TWO YEARS A SLAVE

- AND FORTY YEARS A FREEMAN

- 1856 CONTENTS

THE STORY OF MATTIE J. JACKSON

- Her Parentage-Experience of Eighteen Years in Slavery-Incidents During the War-Her Escape from Slavery

- CONTENTS

- THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE